Perception of the Media Discourse on Migration in Spain before and During Covid-19Different Stakeholders’ Views and Good Practices
-
1
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
info
ISSN: 1856-9536
Ano de publicación: 2024
Título do exemplar: Racism, hate speech and migration in the context of media and digital platforms
Volume: 17
Número: 1
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Disertaciones: Anuario electrónico de estudios en Comunicación Social
Resumo
La migración no figuró entre los principales temas mediáticos en España en 2020 por el Covid-19. Sin embargo, la primavera de 2021 fue testigo de un repunte en la cobertura mediática de la migración, coincidiendo con campañas electorales autonómicas y la crisis migratoria de Ceuta. Nuestros objetivos principales son: primero, analizar las opiniones de varios stakeholders (individuos y organizaciones de la sociedad civil) sobre el discurso mediático acerca de la migración y la migración forzosa antes y durante la pandemia; y segundo, compilar y proponer buenas prácticas para mejorar estas narrativas y, por lo tanto, su potencial efecto en la integración de los y las migrantes. Para ello, realizamos 25 entrevistas en 2019 a personas desplazadas forzosamente en situación de alta vulnerabilidad. También administramos un cuestionario abierto a 16 representantes nacionales e internacionales (miembros de la administración, organizaciones no gubernamentales, investigadores/as, educadores/as, empresas y migrantes) en la primavera de 2021. La información recogida representa las opiniones de diferentes stakeholders respecto a las posibles consecuencias del discurso mediático sobre los migrantes. Además, hemos recopilado propuestas de buenas prácticas que pueden contrarrestar la comunicación sesgada y dar lugar a nuevas acciones que podrían replicarse en otros lugares.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Aladro, E., & Requeijo, P. (2020). Vox political party discourse, strategies and interactions on its official Instagram account during the A-28 elections. Radical right and social networks. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (77), 203-229. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2020-1455
- Arcimaviciene, L., & Baglama, S. H. (2018). Migration, metaphor and myth in media representations: the ideological dichotomy of “them” and “us”. sage Open, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018768657
- Bellardi, N., Busch, B., Hassemeer, J., Peissl, H., & Scifo, S. (2018). Spaces of inclusion-an explorative study on needs of refugees and migrants in the domain of media communication and on responses by community media. Community Media Institute (commit). https://edoc.coe.int/en/refugees/8040-spaces-of-inclusionan-explorative-study-on-needs-of-refugees-and-migrants-in-the-domain-of-media-communication-andon-responses-by-community-media.html
- Bittencourt, A. (2021). Les médias “grand public” et les médias “alternatifs” face à la “crise des migrants”. Construction et resignification d’un événement. Communication. Information Médias Théories Pratiques, 38(1). https://doi.org/10.4000/communication.13490
- Bleiker, R., Campbell, D., Hutchison, E., & Nicholson, X. (2013). The visual dehumanisation of refugees.Australian Journal of Political Science, 48(4), 398-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2013.840769
- Bueno Doral, T., Lara, M., & García-Castillo, N. (2022). Social care for the migrant population in Spain: needs and strengths of organisations during the Covid-19 pandemic and infodemic. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 18(1), 16-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-10-2020-0097
- Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (cear). (2020a). Informe 2020: Las personas refugiadas en España y Europa. https://www.cear.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Resumen-ejecutivo-Informe-Anual-2020.pdf
- Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (cear). (2020b). Situación de las personas en necesidad de protección internacional ante la Covid-19. https://www.cear.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Informe-covid_web.pdf
- Comisión Española de Ayuda al Refugiado (cear). (2022). Informe 2022: Las personas refugiadas en España y Europa. https://www.cear.es/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Resumen-ejecutivo-2022.pdf
- Dāvidsone, A., & Galvanovska, D. (2019). Exploring the factors influencing ethical considerations in reporting on migration issues in Latvian news media. In Society. Integration. Education. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference (Vol. 5, pp. 85-97). Rezekne. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2019vol5.3853
- Di Giulio, G., Groves, C., Monteiro, M., & Taddei, R. (2016). Communicating through vulnerability: knowledge politics, inclusion and responsiveness in responsible research and innovation. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 3(2), 92-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2016.1166036
- Eberl, J. M., Meltzer, C. E., Heidenreich, T., Herrero, B., Theorin, N., Lind, F., Berganza, R., Boomgaarden,H.G., Schemer, C., & Strömbäck, J. (2018). The European media discourse on immigration and its effects: a literature review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 42(3), 207-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2018.1497452
- González Enríquez, C. (2019). Inmigración en España: una nueva fase de llegadas. Análisis del Real Instituto Elcano (ari), (28), 1-9. https://media.realinstitutoelcano.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ari28-2019-gonzalezenriquez-inmigracion-espana-nueva-fase-llegadas.pdf
- Esmer, E. (2017). Discursive representations of Syrian migrants in Turkish mass media and social media and the effects of these media discourses on Syrian migrants. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Studies and Environmental Communication, 6(1), 46-57. https://acortar.link/VlCqHh
- European Commission. (2023). European migration network asylum and migration glossary. Forced migration. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary/glossary/forced-migration_en
- Fernández-Suárez, B. (2021). Gender and Immigration in vox: the discourse of the radical right in Spain. Migraciones, (51), 241-268. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-8538
- Galyga, S., Eberl, J. M., Lind, F., Heidenreich, T., Boomgaarden, H. G., Jiménez, B. H., & Berganza, R. (2019). Language use and migration: discursive representations of migrants in European media in times of crisis. Working paper. https://www.reminder-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/D8.6.pdf
- García-Castillo, N., Bueno-Doral, T., & Hänninen, L. I. (2020). Responsible research and innovation (rri) as a driving force for change in corporate communication: new forms of governance and participatory structures. El Profesional de la Información, 29(3), e290313. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.13
- Gerehou, M. (2021, 26 de mayo). Cómo escribir sobre inmigrantes africanos. El Diario.es. https://www.eldiario.es/opinion/zona-critica/escribir-inmigrantes-africanos_129_7974072.html
- Hale, C. (2001). What is activist research? Social Science Research Council, 2(1-2), 13-15.
- Hänninen, L., Bueno, T., Cela, J., Parras, A., Núñez, P., & García-Castillo, N. (2013). Female refugees and media: analysis of the media visibility of refugees in Spanish newspapers. Fragua.
- Horsti, K. (2008). Europeanisation of public debate: Swedish and Finnish news on African migration to Spain. Javnost - The Public, 15(4), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2008.11008981
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística (ine). (2020). Cifras de población a 1º de enero de 2020. Estadística de migraciones. Año 2019. https://www.ine.es/prensa/cp_e2020_p.pdf
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística (ine). (2022). Cifras de población a 1º de enero de 2022. Estadística de migraciones. Año 2021. https://www.ine.es/prensa/cp_e2022_p.pdf
- International Organization for Migration (iom). (2020). World migration report. https://publications.iom.int/books/world-migration-report-2020
- ipsos. (2021). World refugee day global attitudes towards refugees June 2021. https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2021-06/World%20Refugee%20Day%20Deck%202021.pdf
- Katzer, L., Álvarez Veinguer, A., Dietz, G., & Segovia, Y. (2022). Puntos de partida. Etnografías colaborativas y comprometidas. Tabula Rasa, (43), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.n43.01
- Mendelsohn, J., Budak, C., & Jurgens, D. (2021). Modeling framing in immigration discourse on social media. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (pp. 2219-2263). Association for Computational Linguistics (acl). https://aclanthology.org/2021.naacl-main.179.pdf
- Mertens, S., Standaert, O., D’Haenens, L., & De Cock, R. (2019). Diversity in Western countries: journalism culture, migration integration policy and public opinion. Media and Communication, 7(1), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i1.1632
- Pacheco de Oliveira, J. (1999). Uma etnologia dos “indios misturados”. Situação colonial, territorialização e fluxos culturais. In J. Pacheco de Oliveira (Ed.), A viagem da volta. Etnicidade politica e reelaboração cultural no nordeste indígena (pp. 44-77). Contracapa.
- raisd Project. (2022). tais methodology and guidelines. https://raisd-h2020.eu/media/raisd-d3.3-tais-method-guidelines-preliminary.pdf
- Ruggiu, D. (2020). Inescapable frameworks: ethics of care, ethics of rights and the responsible research and innovation model. Philosophy of Management, 19(3), 237-265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40926-019-00119-8
- Smets, K., Mazzocchetti, J., Gerstmans, L., & Mostmans, L. (2019). Beyond victimhood: reflecting on migrant-victim representations with Afghan, Iraqi, and Syrian asylum seekers and refugees in Belgium. In L. Haenens, W. Joris & F. Heinderyckx (Eds.), Images of immigrants and refugees in Western Europe (pp. 177-198). Leuven University Press.
- Stilgoe, J., Owen, R., & Macnaghten, P. (2013). Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Research Policy, 42(9), 1568-1580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.05.008
- Theorin, N., Meltzer, C. E., Galyga, S., Strömbäck, J., Schemer, C., Eberl, J. M., Lind, F., Heidenreich, T., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2021). Does news frame affect free movement attitudes? A comparative analysis. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 98(3), 725-748. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990211006793
- Thomas, J., De Wit, E. E., Radhakrishnan, R. K., Kulkarni, N., & Bunders-Aelen, J. G. (2022). Mitigating the Covid-19 pandemic in India: an in-depth exploration of challenges and opportunities for three vulnerable population groups. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 41(1), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-09-2020-0264
- United Nations (un). (2020). Policy brief: Covid-19 and people on the move. https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/2020/06/sg_policy_brief_on_people_on_the_move.pdf
- Van Dijk, T. A. (2006). Ideology and discourse analysis. Journal of Political Ideologies, 11(2), 115-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569310600687908
- Van Dijk, T. A. (2008). Elite discourse. In C. McCarthy & C. Teasley (Eds.), Transnational perspectives on culture, policy, and education: redirecting cultural studies in neoliberal times (pp. 93-112). Peter Lang Publishing.
- Van Dijk, T. A. (2013). Discourse, power and access. In C. R. Caldas-Coulthard & M. Coulthard (Eds.), Texts and practices. Readings in critical discourse analysis (pp. 93-113). Routledge.
- Van Dijk, T. A. (2015). Critical discourse analysis. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton & D. Schiffrin (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 466-485). Wiley & Sons.
- Van Oudheusden, M., & Shelley-Egan, C. (2021). rri futures: learning from a diversity of voices and visions. Journal of Responsible Innovation, 8(2), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/23299460.2021.1989656
- World Health Organization (who). (2018). Report on the health of refugees and migrants in the who European region: no public health without refugee and migrant health. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/311347/9789289053846-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&ua=1