Memory Wars: A Solution to the Conflict

  1. Antonio Manzanero
  2. Claudia Morales-Valiente
Revista:
Papeles del psicólogo

ISSN: 0214-7823,  1886-1415

Año de publicación: 2024

Título del ejemplar: Unidades de análisis y diseño del comportamiento en organizaciones supranacionales

Volumen: 45

Número: 1

Páginas: 34-38

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Papeles del psicólogo

Resumen

Se discute la validez de la memoria disociativa en contextos forenses y las causas de las llamadas “guerras de la memoria”. Conceptos erróneos entre la psicología clínica y la psicología forense, una definición deficiente de la amnesia y las dificultades inherentes en el estudio de recuerdos traumáticos contribuyen a la persistencia de esta controversia. Particularmente en el campo de la psicología forense, el debate podría atribuirse a la falta de consenso sobre la evidencia científica. Los psicólogos necesitan establecer una base empírica para comprender mejor los mecanismos de la memoria involucrados en recordar y olvidar recuerdos traumáticos. Se esboza el Modelo de Accesibilidad Continua de la Memoria para explicar la recuperación de los diferentes grados de accesibilidad a los recuerdos autobiográficos basados en diferentes factores.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
  • Arce, R., Selaya, A., Sanmarco, J., & Fariña, F. (2023). Implanting rich autobiographical false memories: Meta-analysis for forensic practice and judicial judgment making. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 23(4), 100386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100386
  • Baddeley, A. D. (1990). Human memory. Theory and practice. LEA. Brand, B. L., Dalenberg, C. J., Frewen, P. A., Loewenstein, P. J., Schielke, H.
  • J., Brams, J. S., & Spiegel, D. (2018). Trauma-related dissociation is no fantasy: Addressing the errors of omissions and errors commission in Merckelbach and Patihis (2018). Psychological Injury & Law, 11, 377-393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-018-9336-8
  • Brand, B. L., Schielke, H. J., & Brams, J. S. (2017a). Assisting the courts in understanding and connecting with experiences of disconnection: Addressing trauma-related dissociation as a forensic psychologist, part I. Psychological Injury and Law, 10, 283-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12207-017-9304-8
  • Brand, B. L., Schielke, H. J., Brams, J. S., & DiComo, R. A. (2017b). Assessing trauma-related dissociation in forensic contexts: Addressing trauma-related dissociation as a forensic psychologist, part II. Psychological Injury and Law, 10, 298-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12207-017-9305-7
  • Brewin, C. R. (2007). Autobiographical memory for trauma: Update on four controversies. Memory, 15, 227-248. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 09658210701256423
  • Brown, R., & Kulik, J. (1977). Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 5, 73-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(77)90018-X
  • Byrne, C. A., Hyman, I. E., & Scott, K. L. (2001). Comparisons of memories for traumatic events and other experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.837
  • Catarino, A., Küpper, C. S., Werner-Seidler, A., Dalgleish, T., & Anderson, M. C. (2015). Failing to forget: Inhibitory-control deficits compromise memory suppression in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Science, 26(5), 604-616. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615569889
  • Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A frame work for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(72)80001-X
  • Crawley, S., & French, C. (2005). Field and observer viewpoint in rememberknow memories of personal childhood events. Memory, 13(7), 673-681. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000296
  • D'Argembeau, A., Comblain, C., & Linden, M. van der (2003). Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for positive, negative, and neutral events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 281-294. https:// doi.org/10.1002/acp.856
  • Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993). 113 S. Ct. 2786. Desmedt, A. (2021). (Re) contextualizing the trauma to prevent or treat
  • PTSD-related hypermnesia. Chronic Stress, 5: 24705470211021073. https://doi.org/10.1177/24705470211021073
  • Dimitry, L. (2012). A systematic review on the mental health of children and adolescents in areas of armed conflict in the Middle East. Child: Care, Health and Development, 38(2), 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1365-2214.2011.01246.x
  • Easterbrook, J. A. (1959). The effect of emotion on the utilization and the organization of behavior. Psychological Review, 66, 183-201. https:// doi.org/10.1037/h0047707
  • Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. (2003). Early psychological interventions for adult survivors of trauma: A review. Biological Psychiatry, 53(9), 817-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01812-7
  • Freyd, J. J., Klest, B., & DePrince, A. P. (2010). Avoiding awareness of betrayal: Comment on Lindblom and Gray (2009). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1555
  • Gagnepain, P., Hulbert, J., & Anderson, M. C. (2017). Parallel regulation of memory and emotion supports the suppression of intrusive memories. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(27), 6423-6441. https://doi.org/10.1523/ JNEUROSCI.2732-16.2017
  • Giacco, D., & Priebe, S. (2018). Mental health care for adult refugees in high-income countries. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 27(2), 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796017000609
  • Graf, P., & Mandler, G. (1984). Activation makes words more accessible, but not necessarily more retrievable. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23, 553-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(84)90346-3
  • Greenberg, S. A., & Shuman, D. W. (1997). Irreconcilable conflict between therapeutic and forensic roles. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.28.1.50
  • Hirst, W., Phelps, E. A., Meksin, R., Vaidya, C. J., Johnson, M. K., Mitchell, K. J., Buckner, R. L., Budson, A. E., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Lustig, C., Mather, M., Ochsner, K. N., Schacter, D., Simons, J. S., Lyle, K. B., Cuc, A. F., & Olsson, A. (2015). A ten-year follow-up of a study of memory for the attack of September 11, 2001: Flashbulb memories and memories for flashbulb events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(3), 604-623. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000055
  • Lindblom, K. M. & Gray, M. J. (2010). Relationship closeness and trauma narrative detail: A critical analysis of betrayal trauma theory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 24(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1547
  • Loftus, E. F. (1993). The reality of repressed memories. American Psychologist, 48(5), 518-537. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.48.5.518
  • Loftus, E. F. (2004). Dispatch from the (un)civil memory wars. The Lancet, 362, 20-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17626-5
  • Loftus, E., & Ketcham, K. (1996). The myth of repressed memory: False memories and allegations of sexual abuse. Macmillan.
  • Manzanero, A. L., Crespo, M., Barón, S., Scott, M. T., El-Astal, S., & Hemaid, F. (2021). Traumatic events exposure and psychological trauma in children victims of war in the Gaza Strip. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(3-4), 1568-1587. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517742911
  • Manzanero, A. L., Fernández, J., Gómez-Gutiérrez, M. M., Álvarez, M. A., El-Astal, S., Hemaid, F., & Veronese, G. (2020). Between happiness and sorrow: Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories concerning war episodes and positive events in the Gaza Strip. Memory Studies, 13(6), 917-931. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698018818221
  • Manzanero, A. L., López, B., Aróztegui, J., & El-Astal, S. (2015). Autobiographical memories for negative and positive events in war contexts. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 25, 57-64. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apj.2015.02.001
  • Merckelbach, H., & Patihis, L. (2018). Why “trauma-related dissociation” is a misnomer in courts: A critical analysis of Brand et al. (2017a, b). Psychological Injury and Law, 11, 370-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12207-018-9328-8
  • Patihis, L., Ho, L. Y., Loftus, E. F., & Herrera, M. E. (2021). Memory experts’ beliefs about repressed memory. Memory, 29(6), 823-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2018.1532521
  • Patihis, L., Otgaar, H., & Merckelbach, H. (2019). Expert Witnesses, Dissociative Amnesia, and Extraordinary Remembering: Response to Brand et al. Psychological Injury and Law, 12, 281-285. https://doi. org/10.1007/s12207-019-09348-8
  • Porter, S., & Birt, A. R. (2001). Is traumatic memory special? A comparison of traumatic memory characteristics with memory for other emotional life experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 15, 101-117. https://doi. org/10.1002/acp.766
  • Quintana, J. M., García-Maroto, A., Moreno, O., & Manzanero, A. L. (2020). Characteristics of drug-facilitated sexual assaults in Spain. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 17(3), 215- 223. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1550
  • Rubin, D. C., Berntsen, D., & Bohni, M. K. (2008). A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis. Psychological Review, 115(4), 985-1011. https:// doi.org/10.1037/a0013397
  • Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit expressions of memory in organic amnesia: learning of never facts and associations. Human Neurobiology, 6, 107-118.
  • Ssenyonga, J., Owens, V., & Olema, D. K. (2013). Posttraumatic growth, resilience, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among refugees. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82, 144-148. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.238
  • Steel, Z., Chey, T., Silove, D., Marnane, C., Bryant, R. A., & Ommeren, M. van (2009). Association of torture and other potentially traumatic events with mental health outcomes among populations exposed to mass conflict and displacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama, 302(5), 537-549. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1132
  • Subijana, I. J., & Echeburúa, E. (2018). Los menores víctimas de abuso sexual en el proceso judicial: el control de la victimización secundaria y las garantías jurídicas de los acusados. [Child sexual abuse in the criminal justice system: Preventing secondary victimization in children and providing legal protection for accused persons]. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 28, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.5093/apj2018a1
  • Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative and Neurological Psychology, 18, 459-482. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.920180503
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet