War, Torture and Trauma in Preadolescents from Gaza Strip. Two Different Modalities of PTSD

  1. Manzanero, Antonio L. 1
  2. Aroztegui, Javier 1
  3. Fernández, Juan 1
  4. Guarch-Rubio, Marta 2
  5. Álvarez, Miguel Ángel 3
  6. El-Astal, Sofián 4
  7. Hemaid, Fairouz 5
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid / Universidad San Jorge
  3. 3 Universidad de La Habana/ Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía, La Habana
  4. 4 University of Al-Azhar Gaza
  5. 5 UNRWA, Palestine
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Journal:
Anuario de psicología jurídica

ISSN: 1133-0740

Year of publication: 2024

Issue: 34

Pages: 1-12

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5093/APJ2024A6 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Anuario de psicología jurídica

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of past traumatic war experiences on preadolescents in the Gaza Strip, which could be useful for psychological intervention with current and future child victims. Participants were 521 preadolescents from United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) schools, aged 11 and 13 years old. Sections I to IV from Iraqi Version-Arabic of Harvard Trauma Questionnaire was used to assess trauma experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The results show that the preadolescents in the Gaza Strip witnessed the destruction of their homes and the murder of family members and friends. A quarter of the individuals assessed either suffered torture or witnessed others undergoing it, including sexual assaults. Almost half of them experienced a lack of food and clean water. The traumatic and torture experiences seriously affected preadolescents’ mental health as 26.29% met criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD. The data analysis revealed two PTSD modalities, with the severity of impact depending on whether social implications were involved. Further research is required to check whether these two modalities fit to PTSD and complex PTSD. Understanding the effects of past wars on preadolescents in Gaza and distinguishing between different PTSD types could enhance comprehension of the impacts of current attacks on child victims. It can also aid in determining the type of intervention needed to minimize the impact on the mental health of Palestinian youth, enhancing their resilience through psychological and social support.

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