“God bless Allah”. La pluralidad religiosa en sierra leonaEl monoteísmo entre la oralidad, el texto y la esfera digital

  1. Estrella Samba-Campos 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Socializar conocimientos

ISSN: 2452-4840

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 4

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Socializar conocimientos

Resumen

La textualización ha cimentado el monoteísmo, pero los modos orales y escritos siempre han coexistido en su desarrollo y transmisión, manifestando formas diversas de praxis. Un ejemplo es Sierra Leona, donde históricamente se han fusionado prácticas de credo cristiano-musulmanas. Hoy, esta destacada pluralidad religiosa se ha trasladado al contexto digital. La comunidad “Chris-Mus” emerge en las redes con agencia y empoderamiento, aunque se enfrenta a hostilidades. Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar un ejemplo de pluralidad religiosa, explorando la compleja interacción entre la oralidad y el texto, en un contexto específico, el de África Occidental, y en un ámbito más amplio, el de la poscolonialidad, la tecnología y la digitalidad. Se concluye que la comunidad “Chris-Mus” observa una comprensión única del monoteísmo, híbrido o “mestizo”, arraigado en la oralidad y la escucha, que surge en el entorno tradicional de la familia, promoviendo la tolerancia religiosa como forma de pedagogía social.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Abdelhay, A., Asfaha, Y. M., & Juffermans, K. (2014). African Literacies: Ideologies, Scripts, Education. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  • Adamu, A. U. (2009). Epistemological Dichotomy and Scriptural Transferability Knowledge. https://buk.academia.edu/AbdallaAdamu.
  • Akinyemi, A., & Falola, T. (Eds.). (2021). The Palgrave Handbook of African Oral Traditions and Folklore. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55517-7
  • Asad, T. (1986). The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam. Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University.
  • Baraka, A. (1969). Technology and ethos. In Baraka Amiri (Ed.), Raise, Race, Rays, Raze: Essays since 1965. Vintage.
  • Barber, K. (2003). Text and Performance in Africa. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 66(3), 324–333.
  • Brown, J. A. C. (2022). Islam and Blackness. Oneworld Academic.
  • Brown, J. A. C. (2020). Slavery and Islam. Oneworld Academic.
  • Bledsoe, C. H., & Robey, K. M. (1986). Arabic Literacy and Secrecy Among the Mende of Sierra Leone. Man, 21(2), 202–226. https://doi.org/10.2307/2803157
  • Braidwood, S. (1994). Black Poor and White Philanthropists: London’s Blacks and the Foundation of the Sierra Leone Settlement 1786-1791. Liverpool University Press.
  • Denny, F. M. (1989). Qur’ān recitation: A tradition of oral performance and transmission), Oral Tradition, 4(1–2), 5–26. https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/handle/10355/65410
  • Dussel, E., (2016). Transmodernidad e interculturalidad. Astrágalo: Cultura de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad, 21, 31–54.
  • Fanon, F. (1967). Black Skin, White Masks. Grove Press.
  • Fouché, R. (2006). Say it loud, I’m Black and I’m proud: African Americans, American artifactual culture, and Black vernacular technological creativity. American Quarterly, 58(3), 639–661. https://doi.org/10.1353/aq.2006.0059
  • Girón, L. (2003). Lo “escrito” y lo “dicho” en el judaísmo: Del canón bíblico al canón rabínico. En S. T. Tovar (Ed.), Memoria, Seminarios de Filología e Historia (129-140). CSIC, Instituto de Filología.
  • Goody, J. (1971). The Impact of Islamic Writing on the Oral Cultures of West Africa. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 11(43), 455–466.
  • Guha, R., & Spivak, G. C. (1988). Selected Subaltern Studies. Oxford University Press.
  • Hair, P. E. H. (1997). Christian Influences in Sierra Leone before 1787. Journal of Religion in Africa, 27(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.2307/1581878
  • Harding, S. (Ed.). (2011). The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader. Duke University Press.
  • Higgins, D. (1966). Intermedia. Something Else Newsletter. Something Else Press.
  • Jalloh, A. (1997). The Fula and Islamic Education in Freetown, Sierra Leone. American Journal of Islam and Society, 14(4), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i4.2233
  • Jones, A. (1983). The Kquoja Kingdom: A Forest State in Seventeenth Century West Africa. Paideuma, 29, 23–43.
  • Kelber, W., & Sanders P., (2010). Oral Tradition in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Oral Tradition, 25 (1), 3–6.
  • Knight Steele, C. (2021). Digital Black Feminism. New York University Press.
  • Kup, A. P. (1959). Islam in Sierra Leone. West Africa, 43, 941-969.
  • Launay, R. (2004). Beyond The Stream: Islam & Society In A West African Town. Waveland Pr Inc.
  • Levtzion, N., & Pouwels, R. L. (Eds.), (2000). The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press; Oxford.
  • Lynn, M. (1992). Technology, Trade and ‘A Race of Native Capitalists’: The Krio Diaspora of West Africa and the Steamship, 1852-1895. The Journal of African History, 33(3), 421–440.
  • McGrath, J. F. (2013). On Hearing (Rather Than Reading) Intertextual Echoes: Christology and Monotheistic Scriptures in an Oral Context. Biblical Theology Bulletin, 43(2), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146107913482282
  • O’Callaghan, C. (2017). Beyond Vision: Philosophical Essays. Oxford University Press.
  • Ong, W. J. (2002). Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. Routledge. (Original publicado en 1982).
  • Paracka, D. (2003). The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Routledge.
  • Parrinder, E. G. (1959). Islam and West African Indigenous Religion. Numen, 6(2), 130–141. https://doi.org/10.2307/3269310
  • Quijano, A. (1992). Colonialidad y modernidad/racionalidad. Perú Indígena, 13(29), 11–20.
  • Reese, S. S. (2014). Islam in Africa/Africans and Islam. The Journal of African History, 55(1), 17–26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43305156
  • Risam, R. (2018). New Digital Worlds: Postcolonial Digital Humanities in Theory, Praxis, and Pedagogy. Northwestern University Press.
  • Samba-Campos, E. (2023). El conocimiento como una experiencia sonora: ʿilm y la formación del archivo árabe premoderno. Intus-Legere Historia, 16(2), 302–324, https://intushistoria.uai.cl/index.php/intushistoria/article/view/538
  • Sanneh, L. (1980). The Domestication of Islam and Christianity in African Societies: A Methodological Exploration. Journal of Religion in Africa, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2307/1580790
  • Schatzki, T. (1996). Social practices: a wittgensteinian approach to human activity and the social. Cambridge University Press.
  • Schatzki, T; Knorr-Cetina, K; Savigny, E. (2001). The practice Turn in Contemporary Theory. Routledge.
  • Skinner, D. E. (1976). Islam and Education in the Colony and Hinterland of Sierra Leone (1750-1914). Canadian Journal of African Studies/Revue Canadienne Des Études Africaines, 10(3), 499–520. https://doi.org/10.2307/483803
  • Skinner, D. E. (1978). Mande Settlement and the Development of Islamic Institutions in Sierra Leone. The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 11(1), 32–62. https://doi.org/10.2307/217053
  • Stroumsa, S. (2015), The Father of Many Nations: Abraham in al-Andalus, en Szpiech, R., Medieval Exegesis and Religious Difference: Commentary, Conflict, and Community in the Premodern Mediterranean. Fordham University Press.
  • Sutherland, T. (2017). Archival amnesty: In search of Black American transitional and restorative justice. Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies, 2, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.24242/jclis.v1i2.42
  • Táíwò, O. (2022). Against Decolonisation: Taking African Agency Seriously. Hurst.
  • Thiong’o, N. wa. (1986). Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. James Currey.
  • Triaud, J.-L. (2014). Giving a name to Islam south of the Sahara: an adventure in taxonomy. The Journal of African History, 55(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853713000820
  • Walker, J. W. (1992). The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870. University of Toronto Press.
  • Wiredu, K. (2002). Conceptual decolonization as an imperative in contemporary African philosophy: Some personal reflections. Rue Descartes, 36(2), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.3917/rdes.036.0053