¿Historia o histeria? Nacionalización simbólica griega y memoria urbana de Tesalónica
- 1 Departamento de Relaciones Internacionales e Historia Global, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), España
ISSN: 2254-6367
Année de publication: 2024
Volumen: 27
Número: 1
Pages: 335-362
Type: Article
D'autres publications dans: Memoria y civilización: anuario de historia
Résumé
Tesalónica es una ciudad singular, paradigma de cosmopolitismo en un pasado reciente y hoy la segunda urbe en importancia de Grecia. El texto se enfoca desde la perspectiva de la simbología político-cultural y los estudios de memoria. En primer término, aborda la tensión histórica entre mitos nacionales del Estado griego y la ductilidad de distintos etiquetajes (helenismo, bizantinismo, balcanismo). En su segunda parte, estudia algunos rasgos del mapa simbólico de la memoria urbana en la Tesalónica actual atendiendo a sus espacios emblemáticos. Todo ello permite contrastar unos campos de representación definidos por la reivindicación y la fluidez identitaria fundadas en la apropiación nacional de las huellas clásicas o bizantinas y en la relativa invisibilidad de las presencias musulmana o judía.
Références bibliographiques
- Agnew, John, «No Borders, No Nations: Making Greece in Macedonia», Annals of the Association of Ameri-can Geographers, 97, 2, 2007, pp. 398-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00545.x
- Anastassiadou-Dumont, Meropi, «Ce que nous avons hérité des Turcs: perceptions de l'héritage ottoman en Grèce au début du XXIe siècle», Bulletin de correspondance hellénique modern et contemporain, 4, 2021.
- Angelov, Dimiter, The Making of Byzantinism, Harvard, Harvard University Press, 2001.
- Avdela, Efi, «Ο Σοσιαλισμός Τον Άλλων: Ταξική Αγώνες, Εθνοτικές Σύγκρουσης Και Ταυτότητες Φίλου Στην Μετά-Οθωμανική Θεσσαλονίκη», Τα Χ ιστορικά, 18-19, 1993, pp. 171-203.
- Bakirtzis, Nikolas, «Perceptions, Histories and Urban Realities of Thessaloniki's Layered Past», en Cities as Palimpsests? Responses to Antiquity in Eastern Mediterranean Urbanism, ed. Elizabeth K. Fowden y Suna Çağaptay, Oxford, Oxbow Books, 2021, pp. 123-156. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv25wxc84.16
- Bastéa, Eleni y Hastaoglou-Martinidis, Vilma, «Modernization and its Discontents in post 1950's Thessalo-niki. Urban Changes and Urban Narratives», en Landscapes of Development, ed- Panayiota Pyla, Harvard, Harvard Graduate School of Design, 2013, pp. 93-117.
- Bounia, Alexandra, «The Revival of the Byzantium through Early Twentieth Century Domestic Collec-tions in Greece: Tradition, Modernity and Gender», Museum History Journal, 13, 2, 2020, pp. 154-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/19369816.2020.1787634
- Casson, Stanley, «Byzantinism», The Burlington Magazine, 59, 344, 1931, pp. 208-213.
- Chondrogiannis, Stamatios, «Rotunda», Galerian Complex, 2020. http://galeriuspalace.culture.gr/en/monuments/rotonta/
- Clarke, James F., Bulgaria and Salonica in Macedonia, Washington, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 1895.
- Close, David, «Conservatism, Authoritarianism and Fascism in Greece, 1915-45», en Fascist and Conserva-tives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twenty-Century Europe, ed. Martin Blinkhorn, New York, Routledge, 1990, pp. 218-239.
- Danforth, Loring, The Macedonian Conflict. Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1997.
- Dodos, Dimostenis, Οι Εβραίοι της Θεσσαλονίκης στις εκλογές του ελληνικού κράτους, 1915-1936, Athína, Savalas, 2005.
- Droumpouki, Anna, «Shaping Holocaust Memory in Greece: Memorials and their Public History», National Identities, 18, 2, 2016, pp. 199-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2015.1027760
- Espinosa, Horacio, «El pasado es un animal grotesco. Ideologías de la memoria urbana en el Belgrado postsocialista», Nodo, 32, 16, 2022, pp. 98-111. https://doi.org/10.54104/nodo.v16n32.1352
- Foundanopoulos, Kostas, Εργασία και εργατικό κίνημα στη Θεσσαλονίκη, 1908-1936: ηθική οικονομία και συλλογική δ ράση στο Μεσοπόλεμο, Athína, Nefeli, 2005.
- Galiniki, Styliana, «The Gentrification of Memory. The Past as a Social Event in Thessaloniki of the Early Twenty-First Century», en Contested Antiquity: Archaeological Heritage and Social Conflict in Modern Greece and Cyprus, ed. Esther Solomon, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2021, pp. 165-179. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1b742j9.9
- Harloe, Katherine, Nicoletta Momigliano y Alexandre Farnoux, Hellenomania, Oxon, Routledge, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315277370
- Hastaoglou-Martinidis, Vilma, «A Mediterranean City in Transition: Thessaloniki between the Two World Wars», Facta Universitatis, 1, 4, 1997, pp. 493-507.
- Hastaoglou-Martinidis, Vilma, «Modernization and its Discontents in post 1950s Thessaloniki», en Land-scapes of Development: The Impact of Modernization Discourses on the Physical Environment of the East-ern Mediterranean, ed. Pila Panayota, Cambridge, Harvard University, 2013, pp. 47-93.
- Hesse, Carla y Thomas W. Laqueur, «Bodies Visible and Invisible: The Erasure of Jewish Cemetery in the Life of Modern Thessaloniki», en The Holocaust in Greece, ed. Georgios Antoniou y A. Dirk Moses, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, pp- 327-357. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108565776.016
- Kallimopoulou, Eleni, «Under One Dome? Rituals of Transition in Ottoman/Greek Thessaloniki», Bulletin de correspondance hellénique modern et contemporain, 4, 2021.
- Kallis, Aristotle, «Neither Fascist nor Authoritarian: The 4th of August Regime in Greece (1936-1941) and the Dynamics of Fascistisation in Europe», East Central Europe, 37, 2010, pp. 303-330. https://doi.org/10.1163/187633010X534504
- Kamenskikh, Aleksey, «Constructing the Image of Byzantium in the 20th Century: The Russian Theme in the Greek Neo-Byzantine Project», Constantine's Letters, 13, 1, 2020, pp. 187-196. https://doi.org/10.17846/CL.2020.13.1.187-196
- Karadimos Gerolympos, Alexandra, Η ανοικοδόμηση της Θεσσαλονίκης μετά την πυρκαγιά του 1917: ένα ορόσημο στην ιστορία της πόλης και στην ανάπτυξη της ελληνικής πολεοδομίας, Thessaloniki, University Studio Press, 1995.
- Karakasidou, Anastasia S., Fields of Wheat, Hills of Blood. Passages to Nationhood in Greek Macedonia 1870-1990, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226424996.001.0001
- Keridis, Dimitris, «Continuities and Discontinuities in the Transition from Imperial to National Order», en Thessaloniki: A City in Transition, 1912-2012, ed. Dimitris Keridis y John B. Kiesling, Oxon, Routledge, 2020, pp. 32-53. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429201561
- Kornetis, Kostas, «Public History and the Revival of Repressed Sephardic Heritage in Thessaloniki», en Retelling the Past in Contemporary Greek Literature, Film, and Popular Culture, ed. Trine S. Willert y Gerasimus Katsan, London, Lexington Books, 2019, pp. 29-47.
- Kornetis, Kostas y Panagiotis Poulos, «Moving Objects, Images, and Memories: Hamza Bey Mosque/Alcazar Cinema as an Affective Archive of Thessaloniki», Bulletin de correspondance hel-lénique modern et contemporain, 4, 2021.
- Koulos, Thanos, «Nationalism and the Lost Homeland: The Case of Greece», Nations and Nationalism, 27, 2, 2021, pp. 482-496. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12710
- Koulouri, Christina, Historical Memory in Greece, 1821-1930. Performing the Past in the Present, Oxon, Routledge, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003048817
- Kourkoutidou-Nikolaidou, Eftychia, Περίπατοι στη βυζαντινή Θεσσαλονίκη, Athína, Kapon, 1997.
- Kourkoutidou-Nikolaidou, Eftychia, «The Restoration of Thessaloniki's Byzantine Monuments and Their Place in the Modern City», en Byzantium and the Modern Greek Identity, ed. David Ricks y Paul Magdalino, London, King's College, 1998, pp. 155-167.
- Kouzinopoulos, Spyros, Μελανές κηλίδες στην ιστορία της Θεσσαλονίκης, Thessaloniki, Ianós, 2017.
- Lalaki, Despina, «On the Social Construction of Hellenism Cold War Narratives of Modernity, Develop-ment and Democracy for Greece», Journal of Historical Sociology, 25, 4, 2012, pp. 552-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6443.2012.01432.x
- Levy, David y Nathan Sznaider, «Memory Unbound: The Holocaust and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Memory», European Journal of Social Theory, 5, 2002, pp. 87-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684310222225315
- Lewkowicz, Bea, The Jewish Community of Thessaloniki: An Exploration of Memory and Identity in a Mediterrane-an City, London, London School of Economics, 1999.
- Liakos, Antonis, «Historical Time and National Space in Modern Greece», en Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present, ed. Hayashi Tadayuki e Hiroshi Fukuda, Sapporo, Slavic Euroasian Studies, 2007, pp. 205-227.
- Logopoulos, Alexandros, «Monumental Urban Space and National Identity: The Early Twentieth Century New Plan of Thessaloniki», Journal of Historical Geography, 31, 2005, pp. 61-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2003.08.023
- Mackridge, Peter y Eleni Yannakakis, Ourselves and Others: The Development of a Greek Macedonian Cultural Identity Since 1912, London, Berg, 1997.
- Marcianak, Premyslaw, «Oriental like Byzantium. Some Remarks on Similarities Between Byzantinism and Orientalism», en Imagining Byzantium. Perceptions, Patterns, Problems, ed. Alena Alshanskaya, Andreas Gietzen, Christina Hadjiafxenti, Mainz, Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 2018, pp. 47-54.
- Marcou, Loïc, «The Destruction of Thessaloniki's Jewish Cemetery: The Remembrance and Emergence of a Long-buried Past», Revue d'Histoire de la Shoah, 215, 1, 2022, pp. 207-307. https://doi.org/10.3917/rhsho.215.0207
- Márkaris, Petros, «Tres días», en La muerte de Ulises, Barcelona, Tusquets, 2017, pp. 55-115.
- Mazower, Mark, La ciudad de los espíritus. Salónica desde Suleimán el Magnífico hasta la ocupación nazi, Barce-lona, Crítica, 2009.
- Mégas, Giannis, Η Επανάσταση των Νεότουρκων στη Θεσσαλονίκη, Thessaloniki, University Studio Press, 2003.
- Ministry of Culture, Heptapyrgion, Thessaloniki, s.f.
- Molho, Rena, «The Jewish Community of Thessaloniki and Its Incorporation into the Greek State, 1912-1919», Middle Eastern Studies, 24, 4, 1988, pp. 391-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263208808700753
- Molho, Rena, «The Zionist Movement in Thessaloniki, 1899-1999», en Chasiotes, Ioannis K. (ed.). The Jewish Communities of South Eastern Europe. From the Fifteenth Century to the End of World War II, Thessaloniki, Institute for Balkan Studies, 1997, pp. 327-350.
- Molho, Rena, Οι Εβραίοι της Θεσσαλονίκης, 1856-1919: μια ιδιαίτερη κοινότητα, Athína, Themelio, 2001.
- Papalexandrou, Amy, «Conversing Hellenism: The Multiple Voices of a Byzantine Monument in Greece», Journal of Modern Greek Studies, 19, 2, 2001, pp. 237-254. https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2001.0023
- Papamichos Chronakis, Paris, «De-Judaizing a Class, Hellenizing a City: Jewish Merchants and the Future of Salonica in Greek Public Discourse», Jewish History, 28, 3-4, 2014, pp. 373-403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10835-014-9217-y
- Petropoulos, Elias, La présence ottomane à Salonique, Athènes, Grammata, 1980.
- Plantzos, Dimitris, «Hellas, mon amor. Contested Antiquity», en Archeological Heritage and Social Conflict in Modern Greece and Cyprus, ed. Esther Solomon, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 2021, pp. 53-79. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1b742j9.5
- Ploumidis, Spyridon, Έδαφος και μνήμη στα Βαλκάνια: «ο γεωργικός εθνικισμός» στην Ελλάδα και στη Βουλγαρία, 1927-1946, Athína, Pataki, 2011.
- Saltiel, Leon, «Dehumanizing the Dead: The Destruction of Thessaloniki's Jewish Cemetery in the Light of New Sources», Yad Vashem Studies, 42, 1, 2014, pp. 11-46.
- Sjöberg, Erik, Battlefields of Memory. The Macedonian Conflict and Greek Historical Culture, Umea, Umea Uni-versity, 2011.
- Stavroulakis, Nicholas, «The Jewish Museum of Thessaloniki-Museo Djudio de Salonik», European Judaism, 36, 2, 2003, pp. 34-40. https://doi.org/10.3167/001430003782266107
- Tassias, Ioannis C., Saint Demetrios, Thessaloniki, Demetrios Angelis, 2007.
- Todorova, Maria, Imagining the Balkans, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195387865.001.0001
- Todorova, Maria, Scaling the Balkans: Essays on Eastern European Entanglements, London, Brill, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004382305
- Touratsoglou, Ioannis, Macedonia, Athína, Athenon, 1995.
- Tourta, Anastasia, «Museum of Byzantine Culture, Thessaloniki, Greece», Marq, 3, 2008, pp. 145-150.
- Vallianos, Pericles, «The Ways of the Nation: Messianic and Universalist Nationalism in Renieris, Zam-belios and Paparrigopoulos», The Historical Review, 15, 2018, pp. 163-194. https://doi.org/10.12681/hr.20448
- Vassilikou, Maria, «The Jewish Cemetery of Salonika in the Crossroad of Urban Modernization and Anti-Semitism», European Judaism, 33, 1, 2000, pp. 118-131, https://doi.org/10.3167/ej.2000.330115
- Velissariou, Efstathios e Iliostalakti Mitonidou, «The City of Thessaloniki as a Culture Tourism Destination for Israeli Tourist», en Culture and Tourism in a Smart, Globalized, and Sustainable World, ed. Vicki Katsoni y Cyná Van Zyl, Cham, Springer, 2021, pp. 417-433. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72469-6_28
- Zacharia, Katerina (ed.), Hellenisms: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity, New York, Routledge, 2008.
- Zouka, Varvara, «Δείκτες μνήμης σημαίνουν την ιστορία της Θεσσαλονίκης», Μακεδονία, 21 de febrero de 2017.
- Zygomalas, Dimitris, «Aristotle Taught. Do you Teach Aristotle Square?», Monumenta, 2014.