La traducción automática de los referentes culturalesPropuesta de una metodología de evaluación aplicada a textos del ámbito migratorio

  1. Celia Rico Pérez 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Journal:
Hikma: estudios de traducción = translation studies

ISSN: 1579-9794

Year of publication: 2024

Volume: 23

Issue: 1

Pages: 87-109

Type: Article

DOI: 10.21071/HIKMA.V23I1.15693 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Hikma: estudios de traducción = translation studies

Abstract

Cultural references constitute one of the great challenges for machine translation (MT). Despite the existence of numerous ad hoc studies on this technology, the number of cases where it can be applied exceeds the limits of current research. MT of a language's own cultural manifestations is one of the fields that have been little explored so far. Consequently, there is a need to review the evaluation methods often used to determine the validity of the texts produced by MT, with a focus on cultural referents on the field of migration. In this line, the article presents a methodological proposal for MT evaluation which is based primarily on the following qualitative data: fluency, accuracy, and acceptability. To these, quantitative data is added on the perception of these same criteria. First, the cultural references are contextualised in the framework of MT and artificial intelligence. Then, the different evaluation methods of automatic and manual evaluation are presented, with the definition of a specific methodology for the evaluation of cultural references. To illustrate this methodology from a practical point of view, a case of evaluation of cultural references is shown by means of an exploratory study carried out with administrative texts in the field of migration

Bibliographic References

  • Almaghout, H. y Specia, L. (2-6 de septiembre 2013). A CCG-based quality estimation metric for statistical machine translation [póster]. MT Summit XIV, Niza, Francia. https://aclanthology.org/2013.mtsummit-posters.4.pdf
  • Bender, E. M. (11 de mayo de 2022) Look behind the curtain: Don’t be dazzled by claims of ‘artificial intelligence. The Seattle Times. https://www.seattletimes.com/opinion/look-behind-the-curtain-dont-be-dazzled-by-claims-of-artificial-intelligence/
  • Bender, E. M., Gebru, T., McMillan-Major, A., y Shmitchell, S. (2021). On the dangers of stochastic parrots Can Language Models Be Too Big? [comunicación]. Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency, (pp. 610–623). Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445922
  • Candel-Mora, M. A. (2022). Fine-tuning machine translation quality-rating scales for new digital genres: The case of user-generated content. ELUA Estudios de Lingüística Universidad de Alicante, 38, 117-136. https://doi.org/10.14198/elua.21900
  • Canfora, C. y Ottmann, A. (2020). Risks in neural machine translation. Translation Spaces, 9(1), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.00021.can
  • Castilho, S.; Doherty, S.; Gaspari, F. y Moorkens, J. (2018). Approaches to Human and Machine Translation Quality Assessment. En J. Moorkens, S. Castilho, F. Gaspari y S. Doherty (Eds.), Translation Quality Assessment from Principles to Practice (pp. 9-38). Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.12007.
  • Conde Ruano, J. T. (2022). Calidad. En Enciclopedia de traducción e interpretación (ENTI). https://www.aieti.eu/enti/quality_SPA/
  • El-Madkouri Maataoui, M. (2016). El discurso del lenguaje jurídico-administrativo español: análisis y perspectivas. En M. Eurrutia Cabrero (Coord.). El lenguaje jurídico y administrativo en el ámbito de la extranjería: Estudio multilingüe e implicaciones socioculturales (pp. 127-164). Peter Lang.
  • Google Translator. https://translate.google.es/
  • Koponen, M., Mossop, B. Robert, I. S. y Scocchera, G. (Eds.) (2021) Translation, revision and post-editing. Routledge.
  • Luque Nadal, L. (2009) Los culturemas: ¿unidades lingüísticas, ideológicas o culturales? Language Design, 11, 93-120.
  • Martindale, M. y Carpuat, M. (2018). Fluency Over Adequacy: A Pilot Study in Measuring User Trust in Imperfect MT. En C. Cherry y G. Neubig (Eds.) Proceedings of the 13thConference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas (Volume 1: Research Track), (pp. 13-25). Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W18-1803
  • Microsoft Translator. https://translate.google.es/
  • Mihalache, I. (2021). Human and Non-Human Crossover: Translators Partnering with Digital Tools. En R. Desjardins, C. Larsonneur y P. Lacour (Eds.) When Translation Goes Digital. Case Studies and Critical Reflections (pp. 19-44). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Molina, L. (2006). El otoño del pingüino: análisis descriptivo de la traducción de los culturemas. Publicaciones de la Universidad Jaime I.
  • MyMemory. https://guides.matecat.com/my
  • Nitzke, J.; Hansen-Schirra, S. y Canfora C. (2019). Risk management and post-editing competence. JoSTrans. The Journal of Specialised Translation, 31, 239-259.
  • Ouyang, L., Wu, J., Jiang, X., Almeida, D., Wainwright, C. L., Mishkin, P., Zhang, C., Agarwal, S., Slama,K., Ray, S., Schulman, J., Hilton, J., Kelton, F., Miller, L., Simens, M., Askell, A., Welinder,P., Christiano, P., Leike, J. ,Lowe, R. (2022). Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.02155
  • Papineni, K., Roukos, S., Ward T., y Zhu, W. (julio 2002). BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation. [Presentación de comunicación]. ACL-2002: 40th Annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (pp 311–318).
  • Portal de Migraciones del Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones. https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/migraciones/home
  • Ricart Vayá, A. y Jordán Enamorado, M. A. (2022). Traducción automática y crisis humanitaria: análisis de la eficacia de Google Translate en la comunicación con refugiados ucranianos en España. Revista Tradumàtica, 20, 96-114. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.306
  • Rico Pérez, C. (2020). Translation technologies for the aid-chain. En F. M. Federici y S. O’Brien (Eds.) Translation in Cascading Crises (pp. 112-131). Routledge.
  • SAE (2001). SAEJ2450 Translation quality metrics. http://www.apex-translations.com/documents/sae_j2450.pdf
  • Sánchez Ramos, M. M. y Rico Pérez, C. (2020). Traducción automática. Conceptos clave, procesos de evaluación y técnicas de posedición. Comares.
  • Secretaría de Estado de Migraciones. (2022). Unidad de grandes empresas y colectivos estratégicos. https://www.inclusion.gob.es/web/unidadgrandesempresas/sobre-nosotros
  • Tesseur, W. (2017). The translation challenges of INGOs. Professional and non-professional translation at Amnesty International. Translation Spaces, 6(2), 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.2.02tes
  • Tesseur, W. (2022). Translation as Social Justice: Translation Policies and Practices in Non-Governmental Organisations (1.ª ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003125822
  • Torrijos Caruda, C. (2022). Inteligencia artificial y traducción al español. Proyección, riesgos y responsabilidad. Puntoycoma, 174, 31–40. https://www.aieti.eu/noticias/introduce-una-noticia/
  • Valli, P. (26-27 de noviembre de 2015). The TAUS Quality Dashboard [Presentación de comunicación]. Proceedings of the 37th Conference Translating and the Computer, (pp. 127–136). https://aclanthology.org/2015.tc-1.17.pdf
  • Venuti, L. (1995): The Translator’s Invisibility, Routledge.
  • Vetere, G. (2021). Textnology. Imminent. Research Report.https://imminent.translated.com/textnology
  • Vieira, L. N. (2019). Post-editing of machine translation. O'Hagan, M. (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of translation and technology (1.ª ed.), pp. 319-337). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315311258
  • Way, A. (2018). Quality Expectations of Machine Translation. Moorkens, J., Castilho, S., Gaspari, F., y Doherty, S. (Eds.), Translation Quality Assessment from Principles to Practice (pp. 159-178). Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.12007