Aplicación clínica de la terapia génica al movimiento dentario ortodóncico. Comparativa frente a la corticotomía alveolar.

  1. A. Domínguez Martín 1
  2. C. Gómez Hernández 2
  3. Juan Carlos Palma Fernández 1
  1. 1 Facultad Odontología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
  2. 2 Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano
    info

    Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03xk60j79

Journal:
Ortodoncia española: Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Ortodoncia

ISSN: 0210-1637

Year of publication: 2024

Volume: 62

Issue: 2

Pages: 65-74

Type: Article

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More publications in: Ortodoncia española: Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Ortodoncia

Abstract

Orthodontic tooth movement is based on specific biomolecular and genetic bases in each patient. However, there are certain common links that govern the speed of tooth movement through the alveolar bone structure. The reduction in orthodontic treatment time still constitutes a pending challenge for professionals in the field, depending directly on bone biology. Nowadays, there are many authors who propose alveolar corticotomy as a technique to support orthodontics in search of an induced acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. However, such acceleration ultimately lies in the biological bases of what is known as regional acceleration phenomenon (RAP) triggered in the bone environment. On the other hand, the molecular pathways of osteoclastic activation and therefore bone resorption, are closely related to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL). Starting from this idea, the experimental process developed has been carried out in terms of selective osteoclastic cell stimulation, with in vitro and in vivo evidence of increased bone destructuring. It was hypothesized that selective biomolecular stimulation through RANKL gene transfection would lead to increased osteoclastogenesis leading to a secondary acceleration of orthodontic movement. In parallel, a comparative in vivo trial was set up with a sample group undergoing alveolar corticotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To test the validity of our hypothesis, an in vitro experimental trial was designed whose clinical extrapolation was subsequently corroborated by in vivo testing in 32 Wistar rats. The sample was distributed into 4 groups, establishing two external control groups for both variables and an internal control in each of the treated groups. Sequential clinical and histological records were taken from the animals undergoing orthodontic traction with or without gene transfection and corticotomy, performing comparative statistical and histological analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results obtained, we conclude that in the in vitro trials: 1) We demonstrated and experimentally evidenced the positive osteoclastogenic capacity through RANKL gene transfection. In the in vivo experimental test we observed that: 2) Comparatively, the tooth movement recorded between the group subjected to RANKL gene transfection and the control groups was 10.58%, 25% and 43.3% higher in the first, on days 2, 10 and 32 of observation, respectively; 3) The tooth movement recorded for the group subjected to corticotomy was 21.13%, 23.7% and 16.37% higher than the controls, on days 2, 10 and 32, respectively; 4) Tooth movement obtained by both experimental methods appears increased compared to controls, with RANKL gene transfection being 26.93% higher than corticotomy, at the end of the observational period.

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