Explorando la Hemostasia Secundaria en Perros y Gatos: Factores Deficientes, ¿Raros o Pasados por Alto?

Abstract

Hemostasis is a physiological response activated in response to vascular damage. Specifi cally, secondary hemostasis involves the interaction of coagulation factors with each other and with otherproteins to form the fi brin clot. Defi ciencies or defects in these factors result in situations of hypocoagulability. In dogs and cats, such pathologies arevery uncommon, typically associated with genetic causes and consequently linked to the breeding ofthese animals. Diagnostic tests play a crucial role in distinguishing these pathologies, with specifi cfactor tests available. Furthermore, once these pathologies are identifi ed, genetic testing is essentialto determine mutations causing these diseases. In many patients, these pathologies are diagnosed after a surgical procedure, while in others, they manifest through spontaneous bleeding or hemorrhagesresulting from trauma. Unlike in human medicine, where recombinant treatments have been developed, veterinary medicine has not advanced in this regard. Therapies for these defi ciencies primarilyrely on the administration of plasma infusions and fl uid therapy, sometimes supported by procoagulant drugs. The objective of this review is to compile information on defi ciencies in factors and molecules involved in secondary hemostasis that affect dogs and cats. This aims to raise awareness and facilitate understanding of the approach to these rare pathologies in veterinary medicine.