Infección por Clostridioides Difficile (ICD) adquirida en la comunidadEpidemiología, factores de riesgo y de predicción de mala evolución

Résumé

Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic bacteria that causes from mild to moderate colitis to pseudomembranous colitis and treatment-refractory, fulminant and fatal disease (1). C. difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhoea in developed countries. It traditionally affects mostly older people with previous pathology and is associated with antibiotic use (2).However, there has been a changing epidemiology in recent years affecting a population that in principle is at low risk of infection such as community patients (3). In recent decades, the incidence of community-acquired CDI (CA-CDI) appears to be increasing (4). Though, precise data on the incidence of CA-CDI in Spain and its clinical behaviour in this setting scarce.Advances in genome sequencing have shown that transmission through hospital contact with patients with CDI is less important than previously thought and therefore there are other potential sources in the community setting (5). Furthermore, the Spanish situation has shown to be different, in terms of ribotypes, to other countries in Europe and the USA (6). Thus, an in-depth epidemiological, clinical and microbiological studies on CA-CDI patients is of great importance...