Validación de la Escala de Sentido de Pertenencia a la Universidad en España

  1. Miguel Aurelio Alonso García 1
  2. Aitana González Ortiz de Zárate 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Aldizkaria:
Revista iberoamericana de diagnóstico y evaluación psicológica

ISSN: 1135-3848,  2183-6051

Argitalpen urtea: 2024

Alea: 3

Zenbakia: 73

Orrialdeak: 5-17

Mota: Artikulua

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openSarbide irekia editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Revista iberoamericana de diagnóstico y evaluación psicológica

Laburpena

El sentido de pertenencia en entornos universitarios es fundamental para garantizar la salud mental y el bienestar de los estudiantes, y para prevenir el abandono en sus estudios. Este estudio presenta el proceso de creación y validación de la Escala de Sentido de Pertenencia a la Universidad en España (ESPU). Se aplicó la escala a 812 estudiantes de distintas facultades de una universidad española. Los resultados mostraron una estructura de diez ítems y tres factores (integración social, percepción de los profesores y orgullo), con un nivel de fiabilidad adecuado (ω=.86). El AFC confirmó la estructura obtenida en el AFE y el instrumento era invariante al género de los estudiantes. Se recomienda replicar el estudio con muestras aleatorias procedentes de diversas universidades españolas para garantizar la heterogeneidad de la muestra y validar así la escala en la población española.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Allen, K. A. (2020). The psychology of belonging. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429327681
  • Allen, K. A., Arslan, G., Craig, H., Arefi, S., Yaghoobzadeh, A., & Nia, A. S. (2021a). The psychometric evaluation of the sense of belonging instrument (SOBI) with Iranian older adults. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1), 211. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02115-y
  • Allen, K. A., Gray, D. L., Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2022). The need to belong: A deep dive into the origins, implications, and future of a foundational construct. Educational Psychology Review, 34(2), 1133-1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-021-09633-6
  • Allen, K., Kern, M. L., Vella-Brodrick, Hattie, J., & Waters, L. (2018). What schools need to know about fostering school belonging: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 30, 1–34 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-016-9389-8
  • Allen, K. A., Kern, M. L., Rozek, C. S., McInerney, D. M., & Slavich, G. M. (2021b). Belonging: A review of conceptual issues, an integrative framework, and directions for future research. Australian Journal of Psychology, 73(1), 87-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1883409
  • Barroso, P. C. F., Oliveira, Í. M., Noronha-Sousa, D., Noronha, A., Mateus, C. C., VázquezJusto, E., & Costa-Lobo, C. (2022). Dropout factors in higher education: A literature review. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, 26. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-35392022228736T
  • Boateng, G. O., Neilands, T. B., Frongillo, E. A., Melgar-Quiñonez, H. R., & Young, S. L. (2018). Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: A primer. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00149
  • Brea, L. M. (2014). Factores determinantes del sentido de pertenencia de los estudiantes de Arquitectura de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Campus Santo Tomás de Aquino [Tesis doctoral] Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra. http://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/284952/TLMBA.pdf?sequence=1
  • Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publications.
  • Cain, M. K., Zhang, Z., & Yuan, K. H. (2017). Univariate and multivariate skewness and kurtosis for measuring nonnormality: Prevalence, influence and estimation. Behavior Research Methods, 49(5), 1716-1735. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0814-1
  • Chan, M., Sharkey, J. D., Nylund-Gibson, K., Dowdy, E., & Furlong, M. J. (2022). Social support profiles associations with adolescents’ psychological and academic functioning. Journal of School Psychology, 91, 160-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2022.01.006
  • Fernández-Mellizo (2022). Análisis del abandono de los estudiantes de grado en las universidades presenciales en España. Programa Editorial del Ministerio de Universidades. https://www.universidades.gob.es/stfls/univer sidades/ministerio/ficheros/14_Informe_aban dono_para_maquetar.pdf
  • Ferrando, P. J., Lorenzo-Seva, U., HernándezDorado, A., & Muñiz, J. (2022). Decálogo para el Análisis Factorial de los Ítems de un Test. Phicothema, 34 (1), 7-1. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2021.456
  • Freeman, T. M., Anderman, L. H., & Jensen, J. M. (2010). Sense of belonging in College Freshmen at the classroom and campus levels. The Journal of Experimental Education, 75(3), 203-220 https://doi.org/10.3200/JEXE.75.3.203-220.
  • Goodenow, C., & Grady, K.E. (1993). The relationship of school belonging and friends’ values to academic motivation among urban adolescent students. Journal of Experimental Education, 62, 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1993.9943831
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson New International Edition, Pearson Education Limited, Essex.
  • Hancock, G. R., & An, J. (2020). A closed-form alternative for estimating omega reliability under unidimensionality. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspective, 18, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2019.1656049
  • Hirsch, J. L., & Clark, M. S. (2019). Multiple paths to belonging that we should study together. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(2), 238-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618803629
  • Hoffman, M., Richmond, J. Marrow, J., & Salomone, K. (2002). Investigating ‘Sense of Belonging’ in first year college students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 4(3), 227–256. https://doi.org/10.2190/DRYC-CXQ9-JQ8VHT4V
  • Kissinger, J., Campbell, R. C., Lombrozo, A., & Wilson, D. (2009). The role of gender in belonging and sense of community. In 39th IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (pp. 1-6). IEEE. http://archive.fieconference.org/fie2009/papers/1515.pdf
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2012.687667
  • Knisely, K. A., & Wind, S. A. (2017). Desarrollando un cuestionario exploratorio de la sensación de pertenencia relacionado al aprendizaje de idiomas utilizando la teoría de medición educacional de Rasch. Pensamiento Educativo. Revista de Investigación Educacional Latinoamericana, 54(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.7764/PEL.54.2.2017.2
  • Knekta, E., Chatzikyriakidou, K., & McCartney, M. (2020). Evaluation of a questionnaire measuring university students’ sense of belonging to and involvement in a biology department. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 19(27), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-09-0166
  • La Moncloa (2022). La inversión pública en educación alcanza su máximo histórico con 55.265,8 millones en 2020. La Moncloa. https://cutt.ly/9KFN8cn
  • Lloret, S., Ferreres, A., Hernández, A., & Tomás, I. (2014). El análisis factorial exploratorio de los ítems: Una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada. Anales de Psicología, 30, 11511169. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.199361
  • Lorenzo-Seva. U. & Ferrando, P. J. (2023). Manual of the program Factor. Universitat Rovira i Virgili. https://www.psicologia.urv.cat/media/upload/d omain_2082/arxius/Utilitats/factor/index.html
  • Mahar, A. L., Cobigo, V., & Stuart, H. (2014). Comments on measuring belonging as a service outcome. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 20(2), 20–33. https://oadd.org/wpcontent/uploads/2014/12/41018_JoDD_20-2_v11f_20-33_mahar_et_al.pdf
  • Maluenda, J., Varas, M., Díaz, A., & Bernardo, A. B. (2020). Propiedades psicométricas del University Student Engagement Inventory en estudiantes de Ingeniería Chilenos. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica, 4, 57, 77-90
  • Maunder, R. E. (2018). Students’ peer relationships and their contribution to university adjustment: The need to belong in the university community. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 42, 756–768. http://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2017.13119 96.
  • Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2016). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage publications.
  • Milfont, T. L., & Fischer, R. (2010). Testing measurement invariance across groups: Applications in cross-cultural research. International Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1), 111-130. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.857
  • Navarro, J. J., de Toro, X., Lara, L., & Saracostti, M. (2021). Validación de un Instrumento de Medición de Factores Contextuales Relacionados con el Compromiso Escolar. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica, 59, 2, 109-124
  • Myint, K. M., & Khaing, N. N. (2020). Factors influencing academic engagement of university students: A meta-analysis study. Journal of Myanmar Academic Arts and Sciences, 18, 185-199. http://www.maas.edu.mm/Research/download_details.php?id=1304
  • Nieuwoudt, J. E., & Pedler, M. L. (2021). Student retention in higher education: Why students choose to remain at university. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 46(3), 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025120985228
  • Nunally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. McGrawHill.
  • O'Keeffe, P. (2013). A sense of belonging: Improving student retention. College Student Journal, 47(4), 605-613.
  • Osborne, J. W., & Costello, A. B. (2004). Sample size and subject to item ratio in principal components analysis. Practical Assessment Research Evaluation, 99. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.7275/ktzq-jq66
  • Peacock, S., Cowan, J., Irvine, L., & Williams, J. (2020). An exploration into the importance of a sense of belonging for online learners. International. Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(2), 18-35. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.4539
  • Pedler, M. L., Willis, R., & Nieuwoudt, J. E. (2022). A sense of belonging at university: Student retention, motivation and enjoyment. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 46(3), 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2021.1955844
  • Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, 41, 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004.
  • Slaten, C. D., Elison, Z. M., Deemer, E. D., Hughes, H. A., & Shemwell, D. A. (2018). The development and validation of the university belonging questionnaire. The Journal of Experimental Education, 86(4), 633-651. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2017.1339009
  • Slaten, C. D., Ferguson, J. K., Allen, K. A., Brodrick, D. V., & Waters, L. (2016). School belonging: A review of the history, current trends, and future directions. The Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 33(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1017/edp.2016.6
  • Stewart, M. (2012). The Spanish language today. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203061206
  • Tang, C., Thyer, L., Bye, R., Kenny, B., Tulliani, N., Peel, N., ... & Dark, L. (2023). Impact of online learning on sense of belonging among first year clinical health students during COVID-19: Student and academic perspectives. BMC Medical Education, 23(1), 100. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04061-2
  • Tinoco-Giraldo, H., Torrecilla Sanchez, E. M., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2020). E-mentoring in higher education: A structured literature review and implications for future research. Sustainability, 12(11), 4344. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114344
  • Tovar, E., & Simon, M. A. (2010). Factorial structure and invariance analysis of the sense of belonging scales. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43(3), 199-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175610384811
  • Viladrich, C., Angulo-Brunet, A., & Doval, E. (2017). Un viaje alrededor de alfa y omega para estimar la fiabilidad de consistencia interna. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 33(3), 755–782. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.268401
  • Willms, J. D. (2000). Monitoring school performance for ‘standards-based reform’. Evaluation & Research in Education, 14, 237– 253. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500790008666976
Datuen iturria: Dialnet