Vitamin D deficiency and chronic alcohol consumption as predisposing factors of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension

Abstract

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the recurrent in ability to attain and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for successful sexual intercourse. ED places a greater burden on healthcare systems due to the increasing prevalence as well as being predictor of cardiac events. The PDE5 inhibitors are the first-line treatment, however, 30% of patients are unexplained non-responders. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular chronic disorder, characterized by sustained vasoconstriction, vascular remodelling, thrombosis in situ and inflammation. Currently, despite advances in the knowledge of the disorder and treatments, it remains a disease with a high mortality rate and additionally, factors that induce or aggravate the disease are still being identified...