Estado emocional y duelo en cuidadores de familiares de enfermos con demencia tras el fallecimiento del pacienteuna revisión sistemática

  1. Piccini, Ana T. 1
  2. Bernaldo de Quirós, Mónica 1
  3. Crespo López, María 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Ansiedad y estrés

ISSN: 1134-7937

Año de publicación: 2012

Volumen: 18

Número: 2-3

Páginas: 103-117

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Ansiedad y estrés

Resumen

En los últimos años se ha constatado que los cuidadores de familiares con demencia sufren problemas de salud y malestar emocional durante la etapa de cuidados. Sin embargo, la mayoría de estudios se han centrado en esta etapa, siendo pocos los que valoran el impacto del fallecimiento del enfermo en sus cuidadores y la evolución de su estado emocional a partir de ese momento. El presente artículo hace una revisión sistemática de los estudios que evalúan el estado emocional y duelo en familiares de personas con demencia después del fallecimiento del enfermo. Los resultados de los estudios parecen confirmar la hipótesis de alivio o mejoramiento, que afirma que la muerte del enfermo supone un alivio y una disminución de la sintomatología depresiva de los cuidadores. Sin embargo, algunos desarrollan un duelo complicado que estaría asociado a ciertas características (menor nivel educativo, menores ingresos económicos, sintomatología depresiva-ansiosa, consumo de psicofármacos, sobrecarga, y percepción de aspectos positivos). Se señala la necesidad de preparar a los cuidadores para afrontar la pérdida.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Almberg, B. E., Grafström, M., & Winblad, B. (2000). Caregivers of relatives with dementia: Experiences encompassing social support and bereavement. Aging & Mental Health, 4, 82-89.
  • Aneshensel, C. S., Botticello, A. L., & Yamamoto-Mitani, N. (2004). When caregiving ends: The course of depressive symptoms after bereavement. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45, 422-440.
  • Bass, D. M., & Bowman, K. (1990). Transition from caregiving to bareavement: the relationship of care-related strain and adjustment to death. The Gerontologist, 30, 35-42.
  • Bernard, L. L., & Guarnaccia C. A. (2002). Husband and adultdaughter caregivers bereavement. Omega: The Journal of Death and Dying, 45, 153-166.
  • Bernard, L. L., & Guarnaccia, C. A. (2003). Two models of caregiving strain and bereavement adjustment. A comparison of husband and daughter caregivers of breast cancer hospice patients. The Gerontologist, 43, 808-816.
  • Bodnar, J. C., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1994). Caregiver depression after bereavement: chronic stress isn't over when it's over. Psychology and Aging, 9, 372-380.
  • Boerner, K., Schulz, R., & Horowitz, A. (2004). Positive aspects of caregiving and adaptation to bereavement. Psychology and Aging, 19, 668-675.
  • Bonanno, G. A, Worthman, C. B, Lehman, D. R, Tweed, R. G., Haring, M., & Sonnega, J. (2002). Resilience to loss and chronic grief: A prospective study from preloss to 18 month loss. Journal of Personality and Social Work, 83, 1150-1164.
  • Cohen, C. A., Colantonio, A., & Vernich, L. (2002). Positive aspects of caregiving: Rounding out the caregiver experience. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 184-188.
  • Coon, D. W., Rubert, M., Solano, N., Mausbash, B., Kramer, H., & Arguelles, T. (2004). Wellbeing, appraisal and coping in Latina and Caucasican female dementia caregivers: Findings from the REACH study. Aging & Mental Health, 8, 330-345.
  • Dempsey, M., & Baago, S. (1998). Latent grief: The unique and hidden grief of caregivers of loved ones with dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer's disease, 13, 84-91.
  • Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the foregiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. Counseling and Values, 40, 107-126.
  • Gold, D., Reis, M. F., Markiewicz, D., & Anders, D. (1995). When home caregiving ends: A longitudinal study of outcomes for caregivers of relative with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 43, 10-16.
  • Haley, W., Bergman, E., Roth, D., Mc Vie, T., Gaugler, J., & Mittelman, M. (2008). Long-term effects of bereavement and caregiver intervention on dementia caregiver depressive symptoms. The Gerontologist, 48, 732-740.
  • Hebert, R. S., Dang, Q., & Schulz, R. (2006). Preparedness for the death of a loved one and mental health in bereaved caregivers of patient with dementia: Finding from the REACH study. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9, 683-693.
  • Hebert, R. S., Dang, Q., & Schulz, R. (2007). Religious beliefs and practice are associated with better health in family caregivers of patient with dementia: Finding from the REACH study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 292-300.
  • Holley, C. K., & Mast, B. T. (2009). The impact of anticipatory grief on caregiver burden in dementia caregivers. The Gerontologist, 49, 288-296.
  • Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-228.
  • IMSERSO (2005). Cuidados a las personas mayores en hogares españoles. El entorno familiar. Madrid: IMSERSO.
  • Jacinto, G. A. (2010). The self-Foregiveness process of caregivers after the death of carereceivers diagnosed with Alzheimeŕs disease. Journal of Social Service Research, 36, 24-36.
  • Kramer, B. (1997). Gain in the caregiving experience: Where are we? What next? The Gerontologist, 37, 218-237.
  • Meuser, T. M., & Marwit, S. J. (2001). A Comprehensive, stage-sensitive model of grief in dementia caregiving. The Gerontologist, 41, 658-670.
  • Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress model process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The Gerontologist, 30, 584-594.
  • Perkins, H. W., & Harris, L. B. (1990). Familial bereavement and health in adult life course perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 52, 233-241.
  • Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003a). Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: a metaanalysis. Psychology and Aging, 18, 250-267.
  • Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003b). Associations of stressors and uplifts of caregiving with caregiver burden and depressive mood: A metaanalysis. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58B, 112-128.
  • Rando, T. A. (1986). A comprensive analysis of ancipatory grief: Perspectives, processes, promises, and problems. In T. Rando (Ed.): Loss and anticipatory grief (pp.17-50). Nueva York: Lexington Books.
  • Robinson-Whelen, S., Tada, Y., Mac Callum, R. C., Mc Guire, L., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. (2001). Long-term caregiving. What happens when it ends? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 11, 573-584.
  • Schulz, R., & Beach, S. R. (1999). Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality. JAMA, 282, 2215-2219.
  • Schulz, R., Boerner, K., Shear, K., Zhang, S., & Gitlin, L. (2006). Predictors of complicated grief among dementia caregivers: A prospective study of bereavement. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14, 650-658.
  • Schulz, R., Mendelshon, A. B., Haley, W. E., Mahoney, D., Allen, R. S., Zhang, S.,... Belle, S. H. (2003). End of life and the effects of bereavement on family caregivers of person with dementia. New England Journal of Medicine, 349, 1936-1942.
  • Schulz, R., Newsom, J. T., Fleissner, K., Decamp, A. R., & Nieboer, A. P. (1997). The effects of bereavement after family caregiving. Aging & Mental Health, 1, 269-282.
  • Schulz, R., O'Brien, A., Bookwala, J., & Fleissner, K. (1995). Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of dementia caregiving: Prevalence correlates and causes. The Gerontologist, 35, 771-791.
  • Tweedy, M. P., & Guarnaccia, C. A. (2007). Change in depression of spousal caregivers of dementia patients following patient's death. Omega: The Journal of Death and Dying, 56, 217-288.
  • Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., & Scalan, J. (2003). Is caregiving hazardous to one's physical health? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 946-972.
  • Zhang, M., Mitchell, S. L., Bambauer, K. Z., Jones, R., & Prigerson, H. G. (2008). Depressives' symptoms trajectories and associated risk among bereaved Alzheimer's disease caregivers. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 16, 145-155.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet