Effect of gender, housing density and the interaction on growth performance and carcass and meat quality of pigs slaughtered at 110 kg body weight

  1. Serrano, M. P.
  2. Cámara García, Lourdes
  3. Morales, J.I.
  4. Berrocoso, J.D.
  5. López Bote, Clemente J.
Revista:
Spanish journal of agricultural research

ISSN: 1695-971X,  2171-9292

Año de publicación: 2013

Volumen: 11

Número: 1

Páginas: 89-99

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5424/SJAR/2013111-2869 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Spanish journal of agricultural research

Resumen

A total of 228 crossbred pigs were used to investigate the effect of gender (gilts and barrows), density at housing (0.84 and 0.76 m2/pig) and the interaction on growth performance and carcass and merit from 19.4 to 110 kg body weight. Feed intake of gilts increased as the space allowance decreased but no effect was observed in barrows (p<0.05 for the interaction). However, no interaction was observed for average daily gain or feed-to-gain ratio. Barrows had 2.4% less (p<0.01) carcass lean percentage but 9% more (p<0.05) intramuscular fat content than gilts. The concentration of linoleic acid in the outer layer of backfat was higher (p<0.05) for gilts than for barrows when pigs were allocated at 0.84 m2/pig, but no differences were observed at 0.76 m2/pig. Also, barrows had 2.7% more (p<0.05) total saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the outer layer of backfat and lower monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (p<0.01) and linoleic acid (p<0.05) content in the inner layer than gilts. Housing density did not affect any of the carcass quality traits studied but an increase in space allowance decreased (p<0.05) MUFA content in both layers. Pigs allocated at 0.84 m2/pig tended (p<0.10) to have higher SFA content in the inner layer than pigs allocated at 0.76 m2/pig. We concluded that gilts and barrows respond differently to space allocation in respect to feed intake and unsaturation of backfat. Housing density did not affect growth performance of pigs slaughtered at 110 kg but MUFA content decreased with increases in space allowance.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Anil L, Anil SS, Deen J, 2007. Effects of allometric space allowance and weight group composition on grower-finisher pigs. Can J Anim Sci 87: 139-151.http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/A06-051 
  • Bligh EG, Dyer WJ, 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37: 911-917.http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o59-099PMid:13671378  
  • Branscheid W, Dobrowolski A, Sack E, 1990. Simplification of the EC-reference method for the full dissection of pig carcasses. Fleischwirtsch 70: 565-567. 
  • Brumm MC, 2004. The effect of space allocation on barrow and gilt performance. J Anim Sci 82: 2460-2466.PMid:15318747  
  • Brumm MC, Miller PS, 1996. Response of pigs to space allocation and diets varying in nutrient density. J Anim Sci 74: 2730-2737.PMid:8923187  
  • Brumm MC, Ellis M, Johnston LJ, Rozeboom DW, Zimmerman DR, 2001. Interaction of swine nursery and grow-finish space allocations on performance. J Anim Sci 79: 1967-1972.PMid:11518205  
  • Busk H, Olsen EV, Brondum J, 1999. Determination of lean meat in pig carcasses with the Autofom classification system. Meat Sci 52: 307-314.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(99)00007-8 
  • Christie WW, 1982. Lipid analysis. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK. 
  • Cisneros F, Ellis M, McKeith FK, McCaw J, Fernando RL, 1996. Influence of slaughter weight on growth and carcass characteristics, commercial cutting and curing yields, and meat quality of barrows and gilts from two genotypes. J Anim Sci 74: 925-933.PMid:8726722  
  • de Haer LCM, de Vries AG, 1993. Effects of genotype and sex on the feed intake pattern of group housed growing pigs. Livest Prod Sci 36: 223-232.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(93)90055-M 
  • Edmonds MS, Arentson BE, Mente GA, 1998. Effect of protein levels and space allocations on performance of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 76: 814-821.PMid:9535342  
  • English PR, Fowler VR, Baxter S, Smith B, 1988. The growing and finishing pig: improving efficiency. Farming Press Books, Ipswich, UK. 
  • Gonyou HW, Stricklin WR, 1998. Effects of floor area allowance and group size on the productivity of growing/finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 76: 1326-1330.PMid:9621938  
  • Hamilton DN, Ellis M, Wolter BF, McKeith FK, Wilson ER, 2003a. Carcass and meat quality characteristics of the progeny of two sire lines reared under differing environmental conditions. Meat Sci 63: 257-263.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00079-7 
  • Hamilton DN, Ellis M, Wolter BF, Schinckel AP, Wilson ER, 2003b. The growth performance of the progeny of two swine sire lines reared under different floor space allowances. J Anim Sci 81: 1126-1135.PMid:12772838  
  • Hyun Y, Ellis M, 2001. Effect of group size and feeder type on growth performance and feeding patterns in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 79: 803-810.PMid:11325183  
  • Hyun Y, Ellis M, Riskowski G, Johnson RW, 1998. Growth performance of pigs subjected to multiple concurrent environmental stressors. J Anim Sci 76: 721-727.PMid:9535330  
  • Kerr CA, Giles LR, Jones MR, Reverter A, 2005. Effects of grouping unfamiliar cohorts, high ambient temperature and stocking density on live performance of growing pigs. J Anim Sci 83: 908-915.PMid:15753347  
  • Kornegay ET, Meldrum JB, Chickering WR, 1993. Influence of floor space allowance and dietary selenium and zinc on growth performance, clinical pathology measurements and liver enzymes, and adrenal weights of weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 71: 3185-3198.PMid:8294269  
  • Langlois A, Minvielle F, 1989. Comparisons of three-way and backcross swine: I. Growth performance and commercial assessment of the carcass. J Anim Sci 67: 2018-2024. 
  • Latorre MA, Medel P, Fuentetaja A, Lázaro R, Mateos GG, 2003a. Effect of gender, terminal sire line and age at slaughter on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of heavy pigs. Anim Sci 77: 33-45. 
  • Latorre MA, Lázaro R, Gracia MI, Nieto M, Mateos GG, 2003b. Effect of sex and terminal sire genotype on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of pigs slaughtered at 117 kg body weight. Meat Sci 65: 1369-1377.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(03)00059-7 
  • Leach LM, Ellis M, Sutton DS, McKeith FK, Wilson ER, 1996. The growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Halothane carrier and negative pigs. J Anim Sci 74: 934-943.PMid:8726723  
  • Mikesell RE, Kephart KB, 1999. Effect of grouping arrangement on behavior and performance of finishing pigs. Livest Prod Sci 57: 291-294.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(98)00179-1 
  • Morales JI, Cámara L, Berrocoso JD, López JP, Mateos GG, Serrano MP, 2011. Productive performance and carcass quality of gilts and immune- and surgically castrated male pigs from crossbreds from two Large White sire lines. J Anim Sci 89: 3481-3489.http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3357PMid:21680787  
  • Moser RL, Cornelius SG, Pettigrew JE Jr, Hanke HE, Hagen CD, 1985. Response of growing-finishing pigs to decreasing floor space allowance and (or) virginiamycin in diet. J Anim Sci 61: 337-342.PMid:3930458  
  • O'Doherty JV, McKeon MP, 2000. Effect of nutrient density and group size on the performance of growing and finishing pigs given food using single-space feeders. Anim Sci 71: 281-288. 
  • Oh HK, Choi HB, Ju WS, Chung CS, Kim YY, 2010. Effects of space allocation on growth performance and immune system in weaning pigs. Livest Sci 132: 113-118.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.05.009 
  • Patton BS, Huff-Lonergan E, Honeyman MS, Kerr BJ, Lonergan SM, 2008. Effects of space allocation within a deep-bedded finishing system on pig growth performance, fatty acid composition and pork quality. Anim 2: 471-478. 
  • Peinado J, Medel P, Fuentetaja A, Mateos GG, 2008. Influence of castration of females on growth performance and carcass and meat quality of heavy pigs destined to the dry-cured industry. J Anim Sci 86: 1410-1417.http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-807PMid:18310495  
  • Peinado J, Serrano MP, Medel P, Fuentetaja A, Mateos GG, 2011. Productive performance, carcass and meat quality of intact and castrated gilts slaughtered at 106 or 122 kg BW. Anim 5: 1131-1140.http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731111000061PMid:22440109  
  • Renaudeau D, Giorgi M, Silou F, Weisbecker JL, 2006. Effect of breed (lean or fat pigs) and sex on performance and feeding behavior of group housed growing pigs in a tropical climate. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 19: 593-600. 
  • Ruiz-Carrascal J, Ventanas J, Cava R, Andrés AI, García C, 2000. Texture and appearance of dry cured ham as affected by fat content and fatty acid composition. Food Res Int 33: 91-95.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0963-9969(99)00153-2 
  • SAS, 1990. SAS user's guide: Statistics. Version 6 (4th ed.). Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Inc, Cary, NC, USA. 
  • Serrano MP, Valencia DG, Fuentetaja A, Lázaro R, Mateos GG, 2009a. Influence of feed restriction and sex on growth performance and carcass and meat quality of Iberian pigs reared indoors. J Anim Sci 87: 1676-1685.http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0989PMid:19213711  
  • Serrano MP, Valencia DG, Fuentetaja A, Lázaro R, Mateos GG, 2009b. Effect of castration on productive performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Iberian pig females reared under intensive management systems. Livest Sci 123: 147-153.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2008.11.001 
  • Smithard RR, Smith WC, Ellis M, 1980. A note on the fatty acid composition of backfat from boars in comparison with gilts and barrows. Anim Prod 31: 217-219.http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100024491 
  • Spoolder HAM, Edwards SA, Corning S, 2000. Legislative methods for specifying stocking density and consequences for the welfare of finishing pigs. Livest Prod Sci 64: 167-173.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(99)00152-9 
  • Stalder KJ, Maya J, Christian LL, Moeller SJ, Prusa KJ, 1998. Effects of preslaughter management on the quality of carcasses from porcine stress syndrome heterozygous market hogs. J Anim Sci 76: 2435-2443.PMid:9781499  
  • Val-Laillet D, Guérin S, Malbert CH, 2010. Slower eating rate is independent to gastric emptying in obese minipig. Physiol Behav 101: 462-468.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.07.014PMid:20691715  
  • White HM, Richert BT, Schinckel AP, Burgess JR, Donkin SS, Latour MA, 2008. Effects of temperature stress on growth performance and bacon quality in grow-finish pigs housed at two densities. J Anim Sci 86: 1789-1798.http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0801PMid:18344308  
  • Wolter BF, Ellis M, Corrigan BP, DeDecker JM, Curtis SE, Parr EN, Webel DM, 2003. Impact of early post-weaning growth rate as affected by diet complexity and space allocation on subsequent growth performance of pigs in a wean-to-finish production system. J Anim Sci 81: 353-359.PMid:12643477  
  • Wood JD, Enser M, Wittington FM, Moncrieff CB, Kempster AJ, 1989. Backfat composition in pigs: differences between fat thickness groups and sexes. Livest Prod Sci 22: 351-362.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(89)90066-3
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet