El emprendimiento en Españaintención, emprendedora, motivaciones y obstáculos

  1. Ana M. Romero Martínez 1
  2. Mónica Milone 2
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 University of Milan
    info

    University of Milan

    Milán, Italia

    ROR https://ror.org/00wjc7c48

Revista:
GCG: revista de globalización, competitividad y gobernabilidad

ISSN: 1988-7116

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 10

Número: 1

Páginas: 95-109

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3232/GCG.2016.V10.N1.05 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: GCG: revista de globalización, competitividad y gobernabilidad

Resumen

Los emprendedores son los principales creadores de empleo facilitando la regeneración económica y social de los países. La situación de crisis económica-financiera y social acontecida en los últimos años ha dado lugar a un nuevo escenario que suscita especialmente la necesidad de profundizar en el estudio de los determinantes del emprendimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la actitud o intención que se tiene hacia el emprendimiento, así como las principales motivaciones y dificultades a la hora de emprender un proyecto empresarial en la sociedad actual. Los resultados muestran que la gran mayoría de los encuestados tienen una actitud positiva hacia el emprendimiento. Conseguir autonomía en el trabajo, autorrealizarse y encontrar una alternativa al desempleo son las principales motivaciones pero el miedo al fracaso y el entorno social poco favorable les limita a la hora de emprender.

€ Ver financiación

Información de financiación

Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el proyecto ECO2012-36775 y el ECO2015-67434-R del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) y por el proyecto GR3/14/940376 del Banco Santander y Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Acs, Z.J. (2006), “How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth?”, Innovations, Vol. 1, Num. 1, pp. 97-107.
  • Ajzen, I. (1991), “The theory of planned behaviour”, Organizational and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 50, pp. 179-211.
  • Ajzen, I. (2012), “The theory of planned behavior. En P.A.M. Van Lange; A.W. Kruglanski; E.T. Higgins (Eds.), “The handbook of theories of social psychology” (pp. 438–459), SAGE Publications, Londres.
  • Altinay, L.; Madanoglu, M.; Daniele, R.; Lashely, C. (2012), “The influence of family tradition and psychological traits on entrepreneurial intention”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 31, Num. 2, pp. 489-499.
  • Amit, R.; Muller, E. (1995), “Push and Pull entrepreneurship”, Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 12, Num. 4, pp. 64-80.
  • Baughn, C.C.; Cao, J.S.R.; Le, L.T.M.; Lim, V.A.; Neupert, K.E. (2006), “Normative, social and cognitive predictors of entrepreneurship interest in China, Vietnam and the Philippines”, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, Vol. 11, Num.1, pp. 57-77.
  • Bird, B.; Brush, C. (2002), “A gendered perspective on organizational creation”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 26, pp. 41-65.
  • Bird, B.; Schjoedt, L.; Baum, J.R. (2012), “Editor's introduction. Entrepreneurs' behavior: Elucidation and measurement”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 36, Num. 5, pp. 889-913.
  • Bjornskov, CH.; Foss, N.J. (2008), “Economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity: Some cross-country evidence”, Public Choice, Vol. 134, pp. 307-328.
  • Blackburn, R.; Kovalainen, A. (2009), “Researching small firms and entrepreneurship: Past, present and future”, International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 11, Num. 2, pp. 127-148.
  • Block, J.H.; Kohn, K.; Miller, D.; Ullrich, K. (2015), “Necessity entrepreneurship and competitive strategy”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 44, Num. 1, pp. 37-54.
  • Block, J.; Sandner, P.; Spiegel, F. (2015), “How do risk attitudes differ within the group of entrepreneurs? The role of motivation and procedural utility”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 53, Num. 1, pp. 183-206.
  • Breaugh, J.A. (1999), “Further investigation of the work autonomy scales: Two studies”, Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 13, Num. 3, pp. 357-373.
  • Brünjes, J.; Revilla-Díez, J. (2013), “’Recession push’ and ‘Prosperity pull ’ entrepreneurship in a rural developing context”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development: An International Journal, Vol. 25, Num. 3-4, pp. 251-271.
  • Burke, A.E.; FitzRoy, F.R.; Nolan, M.A. (2002), “Self-employment wealth and job creation: the roles of gender, non-pecuniary motivation and entrepreneurial ability”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 19, Num 3, pp. 255-270.
  • Carlsson, B.; Braunerhjelm, P.; McKelvey, M.; Olofsson, CH.; Persson, L.; Ylinenpää, H. (2013), “The evolving domain of entrepreneurship research”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 41, pp. 913-930.
  • Carter, N.M.; Gartner, W.B.; Shaver, K.G.; Gatewood, E.J. (2003), “The career reasons of nascent entrepreneurs”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 18, Num. 1, pp. 13-39.
  • Cassar, G. (2007), “Money, money, money? A longitudinal investigation of entrepreneur career reasons, growth preferences and achieved growth”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development: An International Journal, Vol. 19, Num. 1, pp. 89-107.
  • Coleman, S.; Robb, A. (2012), “A rising tide: Financing strategies for women-owned firms”, Stanford Press, Stanford, CA.
  • Delmar, F.; Davidsson, P. (2000), “Where do they come from? Prevalence and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs”, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol. 12, pp. 1-23.
  • DeMartino R.; Barbato, R. (2002), “An analysis of the motivational factors of intending entrepreneurs”, Journal of Small Business Strategy, Vol. 13, Num. 2, pp. 26-36.
  • Evans, D.S.; Leighton, L. (1990), “Small business formation by unemployed and employed workers”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 2, Num. 4, pp. 319-330.
  • Fayolle, A.; Liñán, F. (2014), “The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 67, Num. 5, pp. 663-666.
  • Fitzsimmons, J.R.; Douglas, E.J. (2011), “Interaction between feasibility and desirability in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 26, Num. 4, pp. 431-440.
  • Gupta, V.K.; Turban, D.; Wasti, S.A.; Sikdar, A. (2009), “The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 33, Num. 2, pp. 397-417.
  • Hatak, I.; Harms, R.; Fink, M.(2015), “Age, job identification, and entrepreneurial intention”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 30, Num. 1, pp. 38-53.
  • Hechavarria, D.M.; Reynolds, P. (2009), “Cultural norms & business start-ups: the impact of national values on opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 5, Num. 4, pp. 417-437.
  • Hessels, J.; Van Gelderen, M.; Thurick, R. (2008), “Entrepreneurial aspirations, motivations, and their drivers”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 31, pp. 323-339.
  • Holland, D.V.; Shepherd, D.A. (2013), “Deciding to persist: Adversity, values, and entrepreneurs’decision policies”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 37, Num. 2, pp. 331-358.
  • Hoskisson, R.E.; Covin, J.; Volberda, H.W.; Johnson, R.A. (2011), “Revitalizing Entrepreneurship: The Search for New Research Opportunities”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 48, Num. 6, pp. 1141-1168.
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) (2015), “Directorio Central de Empresas: explotación estadística”, Madrid.
  • Kautonen, T.; Palmroos, J. (2010), “The impact of a necessity-based start-up on subsequent entrepreneurial satisfaction”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 6, Num. 3, pp. 285-300.
  • Kautonen, T.; Tornikoski, E.T.; Kibler, E. (2011), “Entrepreneurial intentions in the third age: the impact of perceived age norms”, Small Business Economics, Vol. 37, pp. 219-234.
  • Kautonen, T.; Gelderen, M.; Fink, M. (2015), “Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions”, Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Vol. 39, Num. 3, pp. 655-674.
  • Kirkwood, J. (2009), “Motivational factors in a push-pull theory of entrepreneurship”, Gender in Management: An international Journal, Vol. 25, Num. 5, pp. 346-364.
  • Kolvereid, L. (1996), “Organizational employment versus self-employment: Reasons for career choice intentions”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 20, Num. 3, pp. 23-31.
  • Krueger, N.F.; Reilly, M.; Carsrud, A. (2000), “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 15, Num 5-6, pp. 411-432.
  • Landstrom, H.; Harirchi, G.; Astrom, F. (2012), “Entrepreneurship: Exploring the knowledge base”, Research Policy, Vol. 41, Num. 7, pp. 1154-1181.
  • Levesque, M.; Minniti, M. (2006), “The effect of aging on entrepreneurial behavior”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 21, Num. 2, pp. 177-194.
  • Liñan, F.; Chen, Y.W. (2009), “Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 33, Num. 3, pp. 593-617.
  • Locke, E.A.; Baum, J.R. (2007), “Entrepreneurial motivation”. En J. R. Baum; M. Frese; R.A. Baron (Eds.), “The psychology of entrepreneurship” (pp. 93-112), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
  • Miller, D. (2015), “A downside to the entrepreneurial personality?”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 39, Num.1, pp. 1-8.
  • Rauch, A.; Frese, M. (2007), “Born to be an entrepreneur? Revisiting the personality approach to entrepreneurship”. En J.R. Baum; M. Frese; R.A. Baron (Eds.), “The psychology of entrepreneurship” (pp. 4166). Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
  • Reynolds, P.; Bygrave, W.; Autio, E. (2004), “Global entrepreneurship monitor, GEM. Babson College”, London Business School, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
  • Schlaegel, C.; Koenig, M. (2014), “Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: A meta-analytic test and integration of competing models”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 38, Num. 2, pp. 291-332.
  • Shane, S.; Locke, E.; Collins, C.J. (2003), “Entrepreneurial motivation”. Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 13, Num. 2, pp. 257–280.
  • Shane, S.; Venkataraman, S. (2000), “The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 25, Num. 1, pp. 217-226.
  • Spencer, J.W.; Gómez, C. (2004), “The relationship among national institutional structures, economic factors, and domestic entrepreneurial activity: A multi-country study”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 57, Num. 10, pp. 1098-1107.
  • Thurik, A. R.; Carree, M.A.; Van Stel A. J.; Audretsch, D.B. (2008), “Does self-employment reduce unemployment?”, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol. 23, Num. 6, pp. 673-686.
  • Turker, D.; Selcuk, S.S. (2009), “Which factors affect entrepreneurial intentions of university students?” Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 33, Num. 2, pp. 142-159.
  • Uhlaner, L.; Thurik, R. (2007), “Postmaterialism influencing total entrepreneurial activity across nations”, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol. 17, Num. 2, pp. 161-185.
  • Van Gelderen, M.; Jansen, P. (2006), "Autonomy as a start‐up motive", Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 13, Num. 1, pp. 23-32.
  • Verheul, I.; Thurik, R.; Hessels, J.; Van der Zwan, P. (2010), “Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Engagement of Opportunity and Necessity Entrepreneurs”, EIM Research Reports, H201011, Marzo 2010, 1-24.
  • Welter, F.; Lasch, F. (2008), “Entrepreneurship research in Europe: taking stock and looking forward”. Entrepreneurship, Theory and Practice, Vol. 32, pp. 241-248.
  • Wilson, F.; Kickul, J.; Marlino, D. (2007), “Gender, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial career intentions: implications for entrepreneurship education”, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol. 31, Num. 3, pp. 387-406.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet