Los Hermanos Musulmanes en el escenario Pos-Primavera Áraberecomposición de alianzas y estrategias de supervivencia

  1. Bustos García de Castro, Rafael 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Journal:
Política y sociedad

ISSN: 1130-8001,  1988-3129

Year of publication: 2018

Issue Title: La (re)configuración de Oriente Medio tras las rebeliones árabes

Volume: 55

Issue: 3

Pages: 755-782

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5209/POSO.58322 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Política y sociedad

Abstract

The Muslim Brotherhood, already 90 years old in 2018, have already experienced other periods of repression, illegalization and exile (in the 50-60s in Egypt as well as in the 60-70s in Syria). However, what is particular to the current wave of repression and persecution is the context of great convulsion and geostrategic maneuvering, marked by the outbreak of several armed conflicts in the Middle East and a visible authoritarian regression, not only throughout the region but also in Europe, Israel and America. These wars and blockades are creating counter-intuitive alliances and ideological contradictions, which in turn have an impact on the Islamist camp. They affect both Sunni and Chia, peaceful and violent Islamist groups, as well as and their respective interactions. This article intends to shed light on the new strategies the Muslim Brotherhood is adopting, not only in the Middle East but also in the West, in order to escape from the pressure exerted by an increasingly large group of countries (Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates among them) as well as the dilemma their members face of radicalization and absorption into Yihadist Salafism. We use as methodological tool a dense description of events to analyze the changes in the Muslim Brotherhood’s ideological orientations and strategic choices.

Bibliographic References

  • al-Banna, H. (2015): Al Ma'zúrát : recuerdos y súplicas del Corán y la Sunna : contraducción y trasliteración al español, Annur, Valencia.
  • al-Jazeera-Staff (2015): "The many battles of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood", al-Jazeera, 7/06/2015.
  • al-Mughrabi, N. y Finn, Tom (2017): "Hamas softens stance on Israel, drops Muslim Brotherhood link", Reuters, 1/05/2017.
  • Alvarez-Ossorio, I. y Ramírez Diaz, N. (2017): "Understanding the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria", en: Izquierdo Brichs, Ferran, Etherington, John y Feliu, Laura, Political Islam in a time of Revolt, Springer (Palgrave and Mcmillan), Cham, Suiza, pp. 81-102.
  • Aslan, Senem (2015): "Different faces of Turkish Islamic nationalism", The Washington Post, 20/02/2015.
  • Ayubi, N. N. (1996): El islam político: teorías, tradiciones y rupturas, Bellaterra, Barcelona.
  • Barrack, B. (2017): "Soros Continuing Hitler’s Legacy with Muslim Brotherhood inEurope", WB Daily, 28/07/2017.
  • Bin Laden, O. y Lawrence, B. B. (2005): Messages to the world: the statements of Osama Bin Laden, Verso, London.
  • Cagaptay, S., Yolbulan, C. y Kilinc, A. (2015): "The AKP's New Face: Assessing the September Board Vote Ahead of November's Elections", Policywatch. Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Washington, 2501. Disponible en: http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-akps-new-face-assessingthe- september-board-vote-ahead-of-novembers-ele [Consulta: 21 de diciembre de 2017]
  • Carré, O. y G. Michaud (1983): Les frères musulmans (1928-1982), Gallimard, Paris.
  • Carré, O. (1984): Mistique et politique: lecture révolutionnaire du Coran par Sayyid QutbFrére musulman radical, Editions du Cerf, Paris.
  • Castaño Riaño, S. (2013): Los Hermanos Musulmanes, Síntesis, Madrid.
  • Daou, M. (2012): "Morsi à Téhéran : un rabibochage à ‘hauts risques’ pour Le Caire". France 24 heures. 28/08/2012.
  • Day, M. (2016): "Muslim Brotherhood 'using migrants as invasion force' to seize control of Europe, Czech president claims", The Telegraph, 5/06/2016.
  • Egypt Independent (2011): "Muslim Brotherhood stick to ban on Christians and women on Presidency". Egypt Independent, 14/03/2011.
  • Gaubatz, P D. y Sperry, P. E. (2009): Muslim mafia: Inside the secret underworld that's conspiring to Islamize America, WND Books.
  • Gülen-Movement (2017): "Gülen Movement Official Webpage". Disponible en: https://www.fgulen.com/es/ [Consulta: 21 de diciembre de 2017]
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1970): "Exit, voice, and loyalty: Responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states”, vol. 25, Massachussets, Harvard University Press.
  • Human Rights Watch (HRW) (2017): "Coalition of 82 Groups Urge Against Calling Muslim Brotherhood a Terrorist Organization". Human Rights Watch. 24/03/2017. https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/02/24/coalition-82-groups-urge-against-callingmuslim- brotherhood-terrorist-organization.
  • Kassab, B. (2015): "Saudi’s decision to up Egypt investments by 30%: Economics or politics?". Mada Masr, 22/12/2015.
  • Lefèvre, R. (2015): "Islamism within a civil war: The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood’s struggle for survival". Rethinking Political Islam, Brookings Institution, Washington, EE. UU.
  • Lia, B. (1998): The Society of the Muslim Brothers in Egypt: the rise of an Islamic mass movement, 1928-1942, Ithaca Press, Reading, England.
  • Martín, J. (2011): Los Hermanos Musulmanes, Los Libros de la Catarata, Madrid.
  • Mitchell, R. P. (1969): The society of the Muslim Brothers, Oxford University Press, London.
  • Pargeter, A. (2013): The Muslim Brotherhood from opposition to power, Saqi, London.
  • Project, Counter Extremism (2017): "Hizb ut-Tahrir", Counter Extremism Project, London,Brussels and New York. Disponible en: https://www.counterextremism.com/threat/hizb-ut-tahrir [Consulta: 20 de diciembre de 2017]
  • Qutb, S. (1978): Las normas en el camino del Islam, Centro Islámico, Granada.
  • Qutb, S. y Centro Islámico en España Comité Cultural (1978): Esta es la religión, Centro Islámico, Granada.
  • Ramadan, T. (2002): El islam minoritario: cómo ser musulmán en la Europa laica, Bellaterra, Barcelona.
  • Ramadan, T. (2000): El reformismo musulmán: desde sus orígenes hasta los Hermanos Musulmanes, Bellaterra, Barcelona.
  • Ramadan, T. (2011): Mi visión del islam occidental, Editorial Kairós, Barcelona.
  • Ramadan, T. (2009): Muhammad, vida y enseñanzas del profeta del islam, Editorial Kairós, Barcelona.
  • Roy, O. (1995): Généalogie de l'islamisme, Hachette, Paris.
  • Rubin, L. (2015): "Why Israel outlawed the Northern Branch of the Islamic Movement". Markaz, disponible en: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2015/12/07/why-israel-outlawed-the-northernbranch- of-the-islamic-movement/ [Consulta: 11 de diciembre de 2017]
  • Sharp, J. M. (2017): "Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations". Congressial Research Service. Washington. Disponible en: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33003.pdf. [Consulta: 10 de diciembre de 2017]
  • Tamam, H. (2012): "La Organización Internacional de los Hermanos Musulmanes", en: Peter, Frank y Ortega, Rafael, Los movimientos islámicos transnacionales y la emergencia de un "islam europeo", Bellaterra Edicions, Casa Árabe, Barcelona, pp.131-39.
  • Ternisien, X. (2007): Los Hermanos Musulmanes, Bellaterra, Barcelona.
  • Vázquez Martí, Rocío (2017): Hermanos Musulmanes en Egipto: una historia política, Almuzara, Córdoba.
  • Vidino, L. (2005): "The Muslim Brotherhood's Conquest of Europe", Middle East Quarterly, Winter, Vol 12(1).
  • Watch, Global Muslim Brotherhood (2017): "Website of GMBW". Disponible en: https://www.globalmbwatch.com/ [Consulta: 12 de diciembre de 2017]
  • Yavuz, M. H. (2003): Islamic political identity in Turkey, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Data source: Dialnet