Trastornos de ansiedad

  1. Reyes Marrero, R. 1
  2. de Portugal Fernández del Rivero, E. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Psiquiatría. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2019

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades psiquiátricas (I)Ansiedad y trastornos disociativos

Serie: 12

Número: 84

Páginas: 4911-4917

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2019.07.001 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

La ansiedad es una respuesta adaptativa frecuente, frente a situaciones que se perciben como amenazantes, que tan solo se considera un trastorno cuando excede criterios clínicos de intensidad, frecuencia y deterioro de las actividades del paciente. Dentro de los trastornos de ansiedad encontramos el trastorno de pánico, la agorafobia y el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada. El tratamiento de primera línea de estos trastornos son los antidepresivos inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) o los inhibidores de la recaptación de serotonina y noradrenalina (IRSN) por su efectividad, tolerabilidad y ausencia de riesgo de tolerancia y dependencia. Estos mismos riesgos son los que limitan el uso de las benzodiacepinas, que si bien se utilizan frecuentemente y son útiles para el control agudo de la ansiedad, no están indicadas para el manejo de la ansiedad a largo plazo

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alegría AA, Hasin DS, Nunes EV, Liu S-M, Davies C, Grant BF. Comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and substance use disorders: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;71(9):1187-95.
  • Angst J, Gamma A, Baldwin DS, Ajdacic-Gross V, Rössler W. The generalized anxiety spectrum: prevalence, onset, course and outcome. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009;259(1):37-45.
  • Bados-López, A. Tratamientos psicológicos eficaces para la agorafobia. Psicothema. 2001;13(3):453-64.
  • Baldwin DS, Anderson IM, Nutt DJ, Bandelow B, Bond A, Davidson JRT. Evidence based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf). 2005;19(6):567-96.
  • Bandelow B, Michaelis S. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):327-35.
  • Bandelow B, Baldwin DS, Zwanzger P. Pharmacological treatment of panic disorder. Mod Trends Pharmacopsychiatry. 2013;29:128-43.
  • Bandelow B, Reitt M, Röver C, Michaelis S, Görlich Y, Wedekind D. Efficacy of treatments for anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;30(4):183-92.
  • Bandelow B, Michaelis S, Wedekind D. Treatment of anxiety disorders. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017;19(2):93-107.
  • Bandelow PD med D-PB, Zohar J, Hollander E, Kasper S, Möller H-J. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for the Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders : First Revision. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2008;9(4):248-312.
  • Batelaan NM, de Graaf R, Penninx BWJH, van Balkom AJLM, Vollebergh WA, Beekman ATF. The 2 year prognosis of panic episodes in the general population. Psychol Med. 2010;40(1):147-57.
  • Behar E, DiMarco ID, Hekler EB, Mohlman J, Staples AM. Current theoretical models of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): conceptual review and treatment implications. J Anxiety Disord. 2009;23(8):1011-23.
  • Caldirola D, Alciati A, Riva A, Perna G. Are there advances in pharmacotherapy for panic disorder? A systematic review of the past five years. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018;19(12):1357-68.
  • Carpenter JK, Andrews LA, Witcraft SM, Powers MB, Smits JAJ, Hofmann SG. Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and related disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo controlled trials. Depress Anxiety. 2018;35(6):502-14.
  • Chambless DL, Milrod B, Porter E, Gallop R, McCarthy KS, Graf E. Prediction and moderation of improvement in cognitive behavioral and psychodynamic psychotherapy for panic disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017;85(8):803-13.
  • De Jonge P, Roest AM, Lim CCW, Florescu SE, Bromet EJ, Stein DJ. Cross national epidemiology of panic disorder and panic attacks in the world mental health surveys. Depress Anxiety. 2016;33(12):1155-77.
  • DuPont RL. Panic disorder and addiction: the clinical issues of comorbidity. Bull Menninger Clin. 1997;61(2)SupplA:A54-65.
  • Furukawa TA, Watanabe N, Churchill R. Combined psychotherapy plus antidepressants for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD004364.
  • Goodwin RD, Faravelli C, Rosi S, Cosci F, Truglia E, de Graaf R. The epidemiology of panic disorder and agoraphobia in Europe. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005;15(4):435-43.
  • Goodwin H, Yiend J, Hirsch CR. Generalized Anxiety Disorder, worry and attention to threat: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017;54:107-22.
  • Goodwin RD, Roy-Byrne P. Panic and suicidal ideation and suicide at-tempts: results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(3):124-32.
  • Hawgood J, De Leo D. Anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviour: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008;21(1):51-64.
  • Hirschfeld RMA. The comorbidity of major depression and anxiety disorders: recognition and management in primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;3(6):244-54.
  • Imai H, Tajika A, Chen P, Pompoli A, Furukawa TA. Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;10:CD011170.
  • Kaczkurkin AN, Foa EB. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: an update on the empirical evidence. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015;17(3):337-46.
  • Lijster JM de, Dierckx B, Utens EMWJ, Verhulst FC, Zieldorff C, Dieleman GC. The age of onset of anxiety disorders. Can J Psychiatry Rev Can Psychiatr. 2017;62(4):237-46.
  • Locke AB, Kirst N, Shultz CG. Diagnosis and management of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2015;91(9):617-24.
  • Pompoli A, Furukawa TA, Imai H, Tajika A, Efthimiou O, Salanti G. Psychological therapies for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD011004.
  • Roy-Byrne PP, Cowley DS. Course and outcome in panic disorder: a review of recent follow up studies. Anxiety. 1994;1(4):151-60.
  • Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2017. p. 4997.
  • Steel Z, Marnane C, Iranpour C, Chey T, Jackson JW, Patel V. The global prevalence of common mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis 1980-2013. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(2):476-93.
  • Stein DJ, Scott KM, De Jonge P, Kessler RC. Epidemiology of anxiety disorders: from surveys to nosology and back. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017;19(2):127-36.
  • Thibaut F. Anxiety disorders: a review of current literature. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017;19(2):87-8.
  • Wittchen HU, Jacobi F, Rehm J, Gustavsson A, Svensson M, Jönsson B. The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol J Eur Coll Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011;21(9):655-79.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet