Estudio del comportamiento muscular y estabilidad en pacientes amputados transtibiales. Analisis del impacto de la amputación en la imagen corporal, la autoestima y su calidad de vida

Abstract

Introduction: The amputation of the lower limbs implies new biomechanical patterns of gait. The amputees present in static situations greater displacements of their gravity centre. The loss of a part of the body can lead to an alteration in self-esteem, perception of body image and its quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the possible muscular and stability alterations that influence the transtibial amputee, as well as possible alterations in the perception of body image, self-esteem and quality of life. Methodology: The patients were intervened by modifying different conditions (gait speed, template, vision) and how they affect the quadriceps or hamstring muscle activity walking on a treadmill and the stability of the subject through pressure platform registration. Questionnaires to assess self-esteem, perception of body image and quality of life are incorporated into the study. Results: The subjects with amputation present significant electromyographic differences when comparing the amputated leg with the healthy leg and with the right leg of the control group. They also have lower stability in stroke length, lateral velocity and anterior velocity than the healthy population. In both groups the stability decreases with eyes closed. In quality of life, the amputated subjects have significantly lower levels in the subscales of the SF-36 questionnaire and in the summary of the Physical Component. They also have significantly lower scores in the MBSRQ body image questionnaire in all subscales