The short life of a concept: tourismphobia in the Spanish media. Narratives, actors and agendas

  1. María Velasco González 1
  2. Ernesto Carrillo Barroso 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Investigaciones Turísticas

ISSN: 2174-5609

Ano de publicación: 2021

Número: 22

Páxinas: 1-23

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.14198/INTURI2021.22.1 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openRUA editor

Outras publicacións en: Investigaciones Turísticas

Resumo

This article forms part of a classic social science debate on the role of the media in the con-struction of social and political narratives.The object of the paper is to study the rise and fall of the concept of tourismphobia in the Spanish media. The case is analyzed in the light of public policies studies, especially those analyzing agenda-setting, the social construction of the definition of public problems and the struggles of coalitions seeking to impose their public policy narratives in the policy-making process.With this purpose, a database was used that collected more than 11,000 news items over a substantial period of time. Its analysis reveals that media attention rises sharply after active protest actions against tourist saturation and that the term is mostly linked to specific territo-ries and cities and to certain political figures. It also allows us to observe how some political responses to the problem appear more in the media, while others are minimized.The conclusions indicate that the “tourismphobia” neologism was capitalized on – which is often the case with terms that circulate in the public sphere – by various groups attempting to highlight some of its semantic dimensions over others. The study also reveals that the media assume an active position in the construction of discourses in relation to tourism also as a political and not just an economic issue. Furthermore, it shows that the use of the term has greatly declined, either because the problem has become dormant or because it has been reformulated into other terms that are more in line with dominant narratives.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Blanco-Romero, A., Blázquez-Salom, M., Morell, M., & Fletcher, R. (2019). Not tourismphobia but urban-philia: understanding stakeholders' perceptions of urban touristification Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles, 83, 2834, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.21138/bage.2834
  • Borre, O. (2003). "The Structure of Budget Demands in Denmark, Norway and Sweden". Scandinavian Political Studies, 26 (2): 169-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.00084
  • Cobb, R. W. and Elder, C.D. (1983) Participation in American Politics: The Dynamics of Agenda Building. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Carrillo, E., Tamayo, M. y Nuño, L. (2013). La formación de la agenda pública. Análisis comparado de las demandas de hombres y mujeres hacia el sistema político en España. Madrid: Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales.
  • Donaire, J. A. (2008). «La efervescencia de la turismofobia. Sobre turistas y turismo». Barcelona metrópolis. URL: http://lameva.barcelona.cat/bcnmetropolis/arxiu/es/pagea6ea.html?id=23&ui=16
  • Doxey, G. (1975). "A Causation Theory of Visitor-Resident Irritants: Methodology and Research Inferences. The Impact of Tourism". In the Sixth Annual Conference Proceedings, pp.195-198. San Diego: The Travel Research Association.
  • Downs, A. (1972). "Up and Down with Ecology: The 'Issue-Attention' Cycle." The Public Interest, 28: 38-50.
  • Erbring, L., Goldenberg, E. N. y Miller, A. H. (1980). "Front-page news and real-world cues: a new look at agenda-setting by the media". American Journal of Political Science 24:16-49. https://doi.org/10.2307/2110923
  • Felstiner, W. F; Abel, R.L; Sarat, A. (1980) "The emergence and transformation of disputes: naming, blaming, claiming...". Law and Society Review; Fall 1980; 15, 3; Pg. 631. https://doi.org/10.2307/3053505
  • Fisher, F. and Gottweis, H. (2012) The argumentative turn revised: Public policy as communicative practice. New York: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822395362
  • Flanagan, S. C. (1987). "Changing Values in Industrial Society Revisited: Towards a Resolution of the Values Debate" American Political Science Review, 81: 1303-19. https://doi.org/10.2307/1962590
  • Goodwin, H. (2017). The Challenge of Overtourism. Responsible Tourism Partnership Working Paper 4.
  • Gupta, K. and Jenkins-Smith, H. (2015) "Anthony Downs, "Up and Down with Ecology: The 'Issue-Attention' Cycle". In, M. Lodge, E.C. Page and S.J. Balla, The Oxford Handbook of Classics in Public Policy and Administration. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.34
  • Howlett, M. (1997). "Issue-Attention and Punctuated Equilibria Models Reconsidered: An Empirical Examination of the Dynamics of Agenda-Setting in Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue Canadienne de Science Politique, 30(1): 3-29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423900014918
  • Huete, R. y Mantecón, A. 2018. El auge de la turismofobia ¿hipótesis de investigación o ruido ideológico?, Pasos. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 16: 9-19. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.001
  • İlkay Taş Gürsoy (2019) Beauty and the Beast: A Fairy Tale of Tourismphobia, Tourism Planning & Development, 16:4, 434-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1582086
  • Jones, M.D., McBeth M.K. and Shanahan, E.A. (2014 (eds) The Science of Stories: Applications of the Narrative Policy Framework in Public Policy Analysis, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kasperson, R. E., et al. (1988). "The Social Amplification of Risk: A Conceptual Framework." Risk Analysis, 8(2): 177-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01168.x
  • Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. New York: Longman.
  • Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018). Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact of tourism in a city context. Sustainability, 10(12), 4383-4398. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124384
  • Mantecón, A. & Velasco, M. (2020). Beyond Tourismphobia: Conceptualizing a New Framework to Analyze Attitudes towards Tourism. In C. Ribeiro-de-Almeida, A. Quintano, M. Simancas, R. Huete & Z. Breda (Eds.), Handbook of Research on the Impacts, Challenges, and Policy Responses to Overtourism (pp. 60-74). Hershey, USA: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2224-0.ch004
  • Majone, G. (1989). Evidence, Argument, and Persuasion in the Policy Process. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • McCombs, M. E., and Donald L. S. (1972). "The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media." Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2): 176-87. https://doi.org/10.1086/267990
  • McCombs, M. E., and Jian-Hua, Z. (1995). "Capacity, Diversity, and Volatility of the Public Agenda Trends from 1954 to 1994." Public Opinion Quarterly, 59(4): 495-525. https://doi.org/10.1086/269491
  • McKinsey & Company, & World Travel & Tourism Council. (2017). Coping with success. Managing overcrowding in tourism destinations. London.
  • Milano, C. (2017). Over-tourism and Tourismphobia: Global trends and local contexts. Barcelona.
  • Milano, C. (2018) "Overtourism, malestar social y turismofobia. Un debate controvertido.". PASOS: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 2018 Vol.16 No.3 pp.551-564. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2018.16.041
  • Milano, C.; Novelli, M. & Cheer, J.M. (2019). "Overtourism and Tourismphobia: A Journey Through Four Decades of Tourism Development, Planning and Local Concerns", Tourism Planning & Development, 16:4, 353-357.
  • Peeters, P., Gössling, S., Klijs, J., Milano, C., Novelli, M., Dijkmans, C., Eijgelaar, E., Hartman, S., Heslinga, J., Isaac, R., Mitas, O., Moretti, S., Nawijn, J., Papp, B. and Postma, A., (2018). Research for TRAN Committee - Overtourism: impact and possible policy responses, European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels.
  • Sanmartín Sáez, J. (2019). "Análisis del discurso, ideología y neologismos: 'turismofobia', 'turistización' y 'turistificación' en el punto de mira". Círculo de lingüística aplicada a la comunicación, Nº 78, Pp. 63-90. https://doi.org/10.5209/clac.64372
  • Sears, David O. y Citrin, Jack (1985). Tax Revolt: something for nothing in California. Harvard University Press. Cambridge.
  • UNWTO. (2018) Overtourism? Understanding and Managing Urban Tourism Growth beyond Perceptions; UNWTO: Madrid, Spain, 2018.
Fonte de datos: Dialnet