¿Cómo ha evolucionado la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas en España?Controlando el sesgo de selección de los modelos de transiciones educativas

  1. María Fernández-Mellizo 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Journal:
REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas

ISSN: 0210-5233

Year of publication: 2022

Issue: 177

Pages: 21-42

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5477/CIS/REIS.177.21 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas

Abstract

This article analyses the evolution of inequality in educational opportunities over the 20th century in Spain, incorporating more information regarding students’ personal and family characteristics than in other studies. This approach allows us to control for possible selection bias in educational transition models, in which many students are left out of analyses as transitions are made to higher levels of education, leading to results that cannot be extrapolated to the general population. A survey from Spain’s Centre for Sociological Research (CIS) is used along with logistical regression models. Controlling for this bias, it is found that inequalities in educational opportunities have remained constant, although inequality in finishing obligatory education among agricultural classes decreased from the middle of the century, possibly the result of the universalisation of obligatory education.

Bibliographic References

  • Ballarino, Gabriele; Bernardi, Fabrizio; Requena, Miguel y Schadee, Hans (2009). «Persistent Inequalities? Expansion of Education and Class Inequality in Italy and Spain». European Sociological Review, 25(1): 123-138. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcn031
  • Barone, Carlo y Ruggera, Lucia (2018). «Educational Equalization Stalled? Trends in Inequality of Educational Opportunity between 1930 and 1980 across 26 European Nations». European Societies, 20: 1-25. doi: 10.1080/14616696.2017.1290265
  • Bernardi, Fabrizio (2012). «Unequal Transitions: Se- lection Bias and the Compensatory Effect of Social Background in Educational Careers». Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 30: 159-174. doi: 10.1016/j.rssm.2011.05.005
  • Blau, Peter M. y Duncan, Otis D. (1967). The American Occupational Structure. New York: John Willey and Sons.
  • Boudon, Raymond (1974). Education, Opportunity, and Social Inequality: Changing Prospects in Western Society. New York: Wiley.
  • Breen, Richard (2010). «Educational Expansion and Social Mobility in the 20th Century». Social Forces, 89(2): 365-388. doi: 10.1353/sof.2010.0076
  • Breen, Richard y Goldthorpe, John H. (1997). «Explaining Educational Differentials. Towards a Formal Rational Action Theory». Rationality and Society, 9(3): 275-305. doi: 10.1177/104346397009003002
  • Breen, Richard y Jonsson, Jan O. (2005). «Inequality of Opportunity in Comparative Perspective: Recent Research on Educational Attainment and Social Mobility». Annual Review of Sociology, 31: 223-243. doi: 10.1146/annurev. soc.31.041304.122232
  • Breen, Richard; Luijkx, Ruud; Müller, Walter y Pollak, Reinhard (2009). «Nonpersistent Inequality in Educational Attainment: Evidence from Eight European Countries». American Journal of Sociology, 114(5): 1475-1521. doi: 10.1086/595951
  • Cameron, Stephen V. y Heckman, James J. (1998). «Life Cycle Schooling and Dynamic Selection Bias: Models and Evidence for Five Cohorts of American». Journal of Political Economy, 106: 262-334. doi: 10.1086/250010
  • Carabaña, Julio (1999). Dos Estudios sobre Movilidad Intergeneracional. Madrid: Fundación Argentaria.
  • Carabaña, Julio (2013). «Crecimiento del bachillerato e igualdad de los años ochenta». Revista de la Asociación de Sociología de la Educación, 6(1): 6-31. Disponible en: https://ojs.uv.es/index.php/RASE/article/view/8595, acceso 15 de enero de 2021.
  • Di Paolo, Antonio (2012). «Parental Education and Family Characteristics: Educational Opportunities across Cohorts in Italy and Spain». Revista de Economía Aplicada, 58(XX): 119-146. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/969/96924442005. pdf, acceso 15 de enero de 2021.
  • Erikson, Richard (2019). «How Does Education Depend on Social Origin?». En: Becker, R. (ed.). Research Handbook on the Sociology of Education. Massachusetts: E-Elgar.
  • Erikson, Robert y Goldthorpe, John H. (1992). The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies. Oxford: Oxford UP.
  • Erikson, Robert y Jonsson, Jan O. (1996). Can Education be Equalized? The Swedish Case in Comparative Perspective. Boulder, Colorado: Westview.
  • Erikson, Robert; Goldthorpe, John H. y Portocarero, Lucienne (1979). «Intergenerational Class Mobility in Three Western European Societies: England, France and Sweden». The British Journal of Sociology, 30: 415-441. doi: 10.2307/589632
  • Fernández-Mellizo, María (2014). «La evolución de la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas: una revisión sistemática de los análisis del caso español»/«The Evolution of Inequality of Educational Opportunities: A Systematic Review of Analyses of the Spanish Case». Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 147: 107-120. doi: 10.5477/cis/reis.147.107
  • Fernández-Mellizo, María (2015). «Continuidad o cambio en la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas: evidencia internacional y teorías». Revista Española de Sociología, 23: 151-164. Disponible en: https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/res/article/view/65378, acceso 15 de enero de 2021.
  • Fuente, Ángel de la y Doménech, Rafael (2016). «El nivel educativo de la población en España y sus regiones: 1960-2011». Investigaciones Regionales, 34: 73-94. Disponible en: https:// investigacionesregionales.org/es/article/el-nivel-educativo-de-la-poblacion-en-espana-y-susregiones-1960-2011/, acceso 15 de enero de 2021.
  • Goldthorpe, John H. (2007). On Sociology: Numbers, Narratives, and the Integration of Research and Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press (2.ª ed.).
  • Hadjar, Andreas (2019). «Educational Expansion and Inequalities: How Did Inequalities by Social Origin and Gender Decrease in Modern Industrial Societies?». En: Becker, R. (ed.). Research Handbook on the Sociology of Education. Massachusetts: E-Elgar.
  • Hadjar, Andreas y Becker, Rolf (2016). «Education Systems and Meritocracy: Social Origin, Educational and Status Attainment». En: Hadjar, A. y Gross, C. (eds.). Education systems and inequalities. Bristol: Policy Press.
  • Haim, Eyal B. y Shavit, Yossi (2013). «Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunity: A Comparative Study». Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 31: 22-31. doi: 10.1016/j. rssm.2012.10.001
  • Mare, Robert D. (1980). «Social Background and School Continuation Decisions». Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75(370): 295- 305. doi: 10.1080/01621459.1980.10477466
  • Mare, Robert D. (1981). «Change and Stability in Educational Stratification». American Sociological Review, 46: 72-87. doi: 10.2307/2095027
  • Mare, Robert D. (1993). «Educational Stratification on Observed and Unobserved Components of Family Background». En: Shavit, Y. y Blossfeld, H. Persistent Inequality. Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries. Boulder: Westview.
  • Martínez Celorrio, Xavier (2013). «Tendencias de movilidad y reproducción social por la educación en España». Revista de la Asociación de Sociología de la Educación, 6(1): 32-41. Disponible en: https://ojs.uv.es/index.php/RASE/article/view/8596, acceso 15 de enero de 2021.
  • Martínez García, José S. (2002). Habitus o calculus? Dos intentos de explicar la desigualdad de oportunidades educativas de los nacidos en España entre 1907 y 1966, con datos de la Encuesta Socio-Demográfica. Carabaña, Julio (dir.), Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. [Tesis doctoral].
  • Nuñez, Clara Eugenia (2005). «Educación». En: Carreras, A. y Tafunell, X. (coords.). Estadísticas históricas de España. Siglos XIX-XX. Bilbao: Fundación BBVA.
  • Peruga, Rodrigo y Torres Mora, José A. (1997). «Desigualdad educativa en la España del siglo XX: un estudio empírico». En: VV. AA. Educación, vivienda e igualdad de oportunidades. II Simposio sobre Igualdad y Distribución de la Renta y la Riqueza. Madrid: Fundación Argentaria-Visor.
  • Raftery, Adrian E. y Hout, Michael (1993). «Maximally Maintained Inequality: Expansion, Reform, and Opportunity in Irish Education, 1921-75». Sociology of Education, 66(1): 41-62. doi: 10.2307/2112784
  • Shavit, Yossi y Blossfeld, Hans-Peter (1993). Persistent Inequality. Changing Educational Attainment in Thirteen Countries. Boulder: Westview.
  • Shavit, Yossi; Arum, Richard y Gamoran, Adam (2007). Stratification in Higher Education: A Comparative Study. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University Press.
  • Treiman, Donald J. (1970). «Industrialization and Social Stratification». Sociological Inquiry, 40: 207- 234. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1970.tb01009.x
Data source: Dialnet