Tecnonacionalismo: El videojuego como objeto de estudio en las Ciencias Sociales

  1. Moreno Cantano, Antonio César 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Journal:
Tiempo devorado: revista de historia actual

ISSN: 2385-5452

Year of publication: 2022

Issue Title: Call of History. Videojoc, memòria i control al segle XXI

Volume: 7

Issue: 1

Pages: 33-58

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5565/REV/TDEVORADO.163 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Tiempo devorado: revista de historia actual

Abstract

In recent years, states have been using video games as part of their strategies of cultural diplomacy and nationalist reaffirmation. This technonationalism, with a strong propagandistic and geopolitical component, makes this format an object of study of relevance for a better understanding of the social sciences in the 21st century. Our essay will provide examples of this dynamic, which reaffirm the political character of the video game and will propose different theoretical and methodological frameworks for its analysis and understanding from a multiple prism, ranging from International Relations to Political Science, including paradigms of Sociology or Social Communication. As a preliminary result, we can highlight the importance of all those essays that use the video game medium to obtain a better understanding of contemporary issues, as its interdisciplinary and multimodal character makes it a participant in phenomena of very diverse and varied origin, being a relevant component within the geopolitical strategies of the main state actors.

Bibliographic References

  • Al-Rawi, Ahmed (2016), “Video Games, Terrorism, and ISIS’s Jihad 3.0”, Terrorism and Political Violence, 30 (4), pp. 740-760.
  • Betancourt, Valeria (2011), “Ciberactivismo: ¿Utopía o posibilidad de resistencia y transformación en la era de la sociedad desinformada de la información?”, Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, 116, pp. 94-97.
  • Bjola, Corneliu, Marcus Holmes (eds.) (2015), Digital Diplomacy. Theory and Practice, London and New York, Routledge.
  • Bleiker, Roland, Hutchison, Emma (2008), “Fear No More: Emotions and World Politics”, Review of International Studies, 34, pp. 115–135.
  • Bogost, Ian (2007). Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Videogames, Cambridge, (MA), MIT Press.
  • De Zamaróczy, Nicolas (2017), “Are We What We Play? Global Politics in Historical Strategy Computer Games”, International Studies Perspectives, 18, pp. 155-174.
  • Der Derian, James (2009), Virtuous War. Mapping the Military-Industria-Media-Entertainment-Network, New York, Routledge.
  • Dittmer, Jason and Gray, Nicholas (2010), “Popular Geopolitics 2.0: Towards new methodologies of the everyday”, Geography Compass, 4 (11), pp. 1664-1677.
  • Elliot, Justin (2013), “World of Spycraft: NSA and CIA Spied in Online Games”, ProPublica. Disponible en: https://www.propublica.org/article/world-of-spycraft-intelligence-agencies-spied-in-online-games
  • Forest, James J. (ed.) (2009), Influence Warfare. How Terrorists and Governments Fight to Shape Perceptions in a War of Idea, Westport: Connecticut, Praeger Security International.
  • Gabriel, Sonja: “Hate Speech in Digital Games. Are Online Games a Place of Discrimination and Exclusion”, en Denk, Natalie, Serada, Alesha, Pfeiffer, Alexander, Wernbacher, Thomas (eds.) (2021), A Ludic Society, Hamburg, Donau-Universität Krems, pp. 297-313.
  • García, Ruth, San José, Iván, Cadiñanos, Begoña: “Tom Clancy´s: The Division ideologías y miedos de la derecha conservadora en Estados Unidos”, en Moreno, Antonio C., Gómez, Salvador (coords.) (2021), Videojuegos del presente. La realidad en formato lúdico, Gijón, Trea, pp. 199-218.
  • García, Alba, Ortega, José Agustín (2020), “Los newsgames como estrategia narrativa en el periodismo transmedia: propuesta de un modelo de análisis”, Revista Mediterránea de Comunicación / Mediterranean Journal of Communication, 9 (1), pp. 327-346.
  • Gibbons-Neff, Thomas, (2014), “Can Call of Duty and other videogames help plan for war? New project will find out”, The Washington Post. Disponible en: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2014/09/25/can-call-of-duty-and-other-video-games-help-plan-for-war-new-project-will-find-out/
  • Gómez, Salvador, Carrillo, José Agustín (2020), “El discurso de los newsgames frente a las noticias falsas y la desinformación: cultura mediática y alfabetización digital”, Revista Prisma Social, (30), pp. 22–46.
  • Gómez, Salvador, Paz, Antonia, San Deogracias, José (2021), “Newsgames frente a los discursos del odio en la crisis de los refugiados”, Comunicar: Revista científica iberoamericana de comunicación y educación, 67, pp. 123-133.
  • González, Alejandro (2019), La banalización de la guerra en los videojuegos bélicos, Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Salamanca.
  • González, Roy (2021), “De ficciones y realidades, el caso del videojuego Tom Clancy´s Recon: Wildlands y Bolivia”, Repertorio Americano, 30, 205-227.
  • Grayson, Kyle, Davies, Matt, Philpott, Simon (2009), “Pop goes IR? Researching the popular culture-worlds politics continuum”, Politics, 29 (3), pp. 155-163.
  • Hamilton, Caitllin, Shepherd, Laura J. (2019), Understanding Popular Culture and World Politics in the Digital Age, London and New York, Routledge.
  • Hayden, Craig (2017), “The Procedural Rhetoric of Mass Effect: Video Games as Argumentation in International Relations”, International Studies Perspectives, 18, pp.175-193.
  • Hugues, Rachel: “Gameworld Geopolitics and the Genre of the Quest” en Macdonald, Fraser, Hughes, Rachel, Dodds, Klaus (eds.) (2010), Observant States. Geopolitics and Visual Culture, London, I.B. Tauris, pp. 123-142.
  • ICT Division (2019), e-Government Master Plan for Digital Bangladesh. Disponible en: https://ictd.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/ictd.portal.gov.bd/publications
  • Jenkins, Herry (2003), “Transmedia Storytelling”, MIT Technology Review. Disponible en: https://www.technologyreview.com/2003/01/15/234540/transmedia-storytelling/
  • Jenkins, Henry (2006), Convergence Culture. La cultura de la convergencia de los medios de comunicación, Barcelona, Paidós.
  • Lakomi, Miron (2018), “Picturing the Islamic State´s Online Propaganda: Vanishing or Resurfacing from the World Wide Web?”, Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies Research Paper, 70, pp. 1-29.
  • Lammes, Sybille (2008), “Spatial Regimes of the Digital Playground: Cultural Functions of Spatial Practices in Computer Games”, Space and Culture (11) 3, pp. 260-272.
  • Li, Na (2020), “Playing the past: Historical video games as participatory public history in China”, Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 7 (23), pp. 746-767.
  • Messner, Steven (2021), “World of Warcraft players are staging in-game protests against Activision Blizzard”, PC Gamer. Disponible en: https://www.pcgamer.com/world-of-warcraft-protests/
  • Moreno, Antonio C., Venegas, A. (2020), Videojuegos y conflictos internacionales, Sevilla, Héroes de Papel.
  • Moreno, Antonio C. (2021a), “La memoria del dolor en Corea”, Hyperhype. Disponible en: https://www.hyperhype.es/videojuegos-politica-vol-viii-la-memoria-del-dolor-en-corea/
  • Moreno, Antonio C. (2021b), Tecnonacionalismo, guerra digital y videojuegos en China, Madrid, Ediciones de la UCM.
  • Moya, José Antonio (2021), “Propaganda y política: videojuegos y Estados”, Presura. Disponible en: http://www.presura.es/blog/2021/09/12/propaganda-y-politica-videojuegos-y-estados/
  • Navarro-Remesal, Zapata, Beatriz: “First-person refugee games: Ludonarrative strategies for playing the stories of refugees and asylum seekers”, en Zagalo, Nelson (ed.) (2019), Videogames sciences and art, Springer International Publishing, pp. 3-17.
  • Nieto, Silvia (2020), “Reporteros Sin Fronteras construye una biblioteca virtual en Minecraft para desafiar la censura”, ABC. Disponible en: https://www.abc.es/internacional/abci-reporteros-sin-fronteras-construye-biblioteca-virtual-minecraft-para-saltarse-censura-202003131700_noticia.html
  • Nye, Joseph (2018), “How Sharp Power Threatens Soft Power. The Right and Wrong Ways to Respond Authoritarian Influences”, Foreign Affairs. Disponible en: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-01-24/how-sharp-power-threatens-soft-power
  • Paredes, Guillermo: “Videojuegos de simulación social en tiempos de pandemia: el éxito de Animal Crossing: New Horizons, en Paredes, Guillermo, Sánchez-Gey, Nuria (eds.) (2021), De la filosofía digital a la sociedad del videojuego. Literatura, pensamiento y gamificación en la era de las redes sociales, Madrid, Dykinson, pp. 1249-1273.
  • Paul, Chris (2012), Wordplay and the Discourse of Video Games: Analyzing Words, Design, and Play, London and New York, Routledge.
  • Pfister, Eugen (2018), “Keep your politics out of my games”, Spiel-Kultur-Wissenchaft. Disponible en: https://spielkult.hypotheses.org/1566
  • Prucha, Nico: “Worldwide Online Jihad versus the Gaming Industry. Reloaded-Ventures of the Web” en Rüdiger Lohlker (coord.) (2011), New Approaches to the Analisis of Jihadism, Viena, V&R Unipress GmbH, pp. 153-182.
  • POLYGRAPH.info (2018), “Turkish News Presents Video Game Footage as Combat Footage, Adopting Russian Technique”. Disponible en: https://www.polygraph.info/a/turkish-news-uses-video-game-as-war-footage/29008152.html
  • Power, Marcus (2007), “Digitized virtuosity: video war games and post-9/11 cyber-deterrence”, Security Dialogue, 38, pp. 271-288.
  • Rakhmani, Inaya, Darmawan, Hikmat: “Indonesia”, en Wolf, Mark J. P. (ed) (2015), Video Games Around the World, Cambridge (MA), The MIT Press.
  • Ramírez, Carlos (2013), “Videojuegos, la colonialidad y la omisión del subalterno”, Sortuz. Oñati Journal of Emergent Socio-Legal Studies, 5 (2), pp. 40-57.
  • Reuters Staff (2017), “Bolivia complains to France about its portrayal in video game”. Disponible en: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-france-videogames-idUSKBN1692PK
  • Risam, Roopika (2019), New Digital Worlds: Postcolonial Digital Humanities in Theory, Praxis, and Pedagogy, Illinois, Northwestern University Press, 2019.
  • Risam, Roopika y Gairola, Rahul K. (2020), South Asian Digital Humanities. Postcolonial Mediations across Technology ´s Cultural Canon, London, Routledge, 2020.
  • Robinson, Nick (2012), “Videogames, Persuasion and the War on Terror: Escaping or Embedding the Military-Entertainment Complex?”, Political Studies, 60 (3), pp. 504-522.
  • Robinson, Nick (2015a), “Have You Won the War on Terror? Military Videogames and the State of American Exceptionalism”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 43, pp. 450–70.
  • Robinson, Nick: “Videogames and IR: Playing at Method”, en Caso, Federica, Hamilton, Caitlin (eds). (2015b) Popular Culture and World Politics: Theories, Methods, Pedagogies, Bristol, E-International Relations, pp. 92-100.
  • Rowley, Christina: “Popular culture and the politics of the visual”, en Shepherd, Laura J. (eds.) (2015), Gender Matters in Global Politics: A Feminist Introduction to International Relations, London and New York, Routledge, pp. 361-374.
  • Schlegel, Linda (2020), “Jumanji Extremism? How games and gamification could facilitate radicalization processes”, Journal for Deradicalization 23, pp. 1-44.
  • Schneider, Florian (2018), China´s Digital Nationalism, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Schulzke, Marcus (2014), “The Critical Power of Virtual Dystopias”, Games and Culture, 9, pp. 315-334.
  • Schulzke, Marcus (2020), Simulating Good and Evil. The Morality and Politics of videogames, New Jersey, Rugers University Press.
  • Sempere, Josep María (13 de septiembre 2021), “Life is Strange: True Colors sufre review bombing en Steam por una bandera del Tibet”. Disponible en: https://www.eurogamer.es/articles/2021-09-13-life-is-strange-true-colors-review-bombing-steam-por-bandera-del-tibet
  • Shapiro, Michael (2013), Studies in Trans-Disciplinary Method, New York, Routledge.
  • Sicart, Miguel (2014), Play Matters, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
  • Sierra-Caballero, Francisco (2018), “Ciberactivismo y movimientos sociales. El espacio público oposicional en la tecnopolítica contemporánea”, Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 73, pp. 980-990.
  • Stahl, Roger (2009), Militainment, Inc.: War, media, and popular culture, New York, Routledge.
  • Suárez, Adrián: “El videojuego como transmisor de ideas sociales y políticas”, en Moreno, Antonio C., Gómez, Salvador (coords.) (2021), Videojuegos del presente. La realidad en formato lúdico, Gijón, Trea, pp. 37-54.
  • Taylor, Haydn (2018), “Ubisoft Massive COO: We don´t want to take a stance in current politics”, gamesindustry.biz. Disponible en: https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-10-17-ubisoft-massive-coo-we-dont-want-to-take-a-stance-in-current-politics.
  • Thrift, Nigel: “It’s the little things”, en Atkinson, David. and Dodds, Klaus. (eds.) (2020), Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought, London, Routledge, pp. 380-387.
  • Venegas, Alberto (2021a), Historia y videojuegos: la Segunda Guerra Mundial en la cultura y la sociedad digital contemporánea, tesis doctoral, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia.
  • Venegas, Alberto: “El papel del videojuego de guerra en las relaciones internacionales”, en Moreno, Antonio C., Gómez, Salvador (coords.) (2021b), Videojuegos del presente. La realidad en formato lúdico, Gijón, Trea, pp. 181-198.
  • Venegas, Alberto, Moreno, Antonio C. (2021), Protestas interactivas. El videojuego como medio de reivindicación política y social, Shangrila Textos Aparte.
  • Walsh, Catherine (2005), Pensamiento crítico y matriz (de) colonial. Reflexiones latinoamericanas, Quito, Universidad Andina Simón Bolivar / Ediciones Abya Yala.
  • Wong, Luis (2021), América Latina Juega, Sevilla: Héroes de Papel.
  • ZoomWolf (2021), “ITALY. Land of Wonders ya está disponible en móviles”, Arata. Disponible en: https://arata.lat/italy-land-of-wonders-ya-esta-disponible-en-moviles/
Data source: Dialnet