Typologie et structures des unités phraséologiques dans les collections d’amṯāl, une approche par la linguistique de corpus

Abstract

This thesis focuses on the analysis of formulas found in the Amtal compilations of the medieval times. The heterogeneity of the syntactic, semantic but also pragmatic properties of these units convinced us to make our study within the framework of Arabic phraseology. By relying on a corpus of eight Amtal compilations, constituting a total of nearly ten thousand formulas, our objective is to draw up their typology and to decline their syntaxicosemantic structures. The study begins with an examination of the works devoted to the question of linguistic stasis from the medieval Arabic grammatical tradition to contemporary linguistics. To this diachronic approach is added another contrastive one with French in order to highlight the mechanisms of linguistic stasis common to both languages but also what constitutes their particularity. After a review of the classifications in French and Arabic, we will propose our own typology of phraseological units. After a review of the classifications in French and Arabic, we will propose our own typology of phraseological units. Beyond the naming of concepts, it is their functioning that will be described, taking into account the different approaches of the researchers, their disagreements, in order to understand the subtleties related to the field. The presentation of the corpus, the analysis methods used - those of the linguistics of corpus and of the Lexique-Grammar -, the Arabic language, and in particular its semantic and syntactic properties, will be presented in a second step. Finally, we will present our results by proceeding to an analytical and detailed description of each category of phraseological units by developing their regular formal features, semantic-syntactic structures, the semantic dimensions they include, and the stylistic processes identified.