Eficacia de la escucha musical en el rendimiento matemático

  1. José Fernando Fernández Company
  2. Jesús María Alvarado Izquierdo
  3. María García Rodríguez
  4. Iván Chamorro Cantero 1
  1. 1 Colegio Villalkor
Revista:
Revista Electrónica Complutense de Investigación en Educación Musical

ISSN: 1698-7454

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 20

Páginas: 129-154

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5209/RECIEM.80541 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista Electrónica Complutense de Investigación en Educación Musical

Resumen

Si bien numerosos estudios han mostrado que la música de fondo mejora el rendimiento académico de adolescentes, pocos han contrastado resultados a partir de sus preferencias musicales o de composiciones de Mozart. Participaron en el estudio 185 adolescentes pertenecientes a los cursos de 1º a 4º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años (M = 13,63; DE = 1,26) de las cuales el 52,4% eran chicas. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue el de conocer qué estilos de música tienen un efecto más beneficioso sobre el rendimiento matemático en una muestra de alumnado adolescente. Se realizó una asignación aleatoria de los grupos a una de dos condiciones: escuchar su preferencia musical o composiciones de Mozart mientras desarrollaban una prueba matemática. Los resultados muestran que los chicos obtienen significativamente mejores resultados en matemáticas que las chicas. Asimismo, se aprecia una disminución en el tiempo de ejecución de tareas matemáticas y que los estudiantes con rendimiento más bajo obtienen mayor beneficio con música. Igualmente, en el grupo que escuchó su preferencia musical se produjo una mayor mejora en las chicas y en cambio, en el que escuchó música de Mozart esta se manifestó en los chicos. Se considera que la optimización de los niveles de excitación ha mejorado el enfoque atencional, lo que a su vez ha incrementado la velocidad de procesamiento haciendo que aumentara la eficiencia para seleccionar información y encontrar respuestas más acertadas, redundando, de este modo, en el rendimiento matemático. Asimismo, se presta especial atención a que la escucha de música durante el desempeño de tareas matemáticas ha ayudado en mayor medida al alumnado con un pobre rendimiento matemático. A través de este artículo se manifiesta, debido a su importancia, una posición en pro de un mayor reconocimiento y presencia musical a nivel curricular en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria.

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