Prácticas de crianza de las familias españolas durante el periodo de confinamiento por coronavirus

  1. Valverde Montesino, Susana 1
  2. Martín Martín, Margarita Carmen 1
  3. Solbes Canales, Irene 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Investigación y Psicología en Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Revista:
Electronic journal of research in educational psychology

ISSN: 1696-2095

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 19

Número: 54

Páginas: 325-350

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.25115/EJREP.V19I54.4134 SCOPUS: 2-s2.0-85119197224 WoS: WOS:000692526800005 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Electronic journal of research in educational psychology

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

Introducción.  La situación de pandemia mundial asociada al coronavirus ha supuesto, entre otras medidas, el confinamiento de las familias españolas en casa durante varias semanas, sin colegio ni contacto con nadie ajeno al núcleo familiar. Los estudios realizados a nivel mundial indican que este tipo de medidas y el contexto de crisis podrían acarrear consecuencias psicológicas negativas para la salud mental de los niños y sus familias, las cuales podrían ser mitigadas con la aplicación de pautas de crianza cercanas a un modelo de parentalidad positiva.   Método. 336 madres y padres de niños de entre 2 y 8 años de edad respondieron a un cuestionario sobre principios de crianza (Parenting Pentagon Model) durante el confinamiento. Los resultados fueron analizados a nivel descriptivo para toda la muestra, considerando también las variables sociodemográficas familiares que modularon las prácticas parentales aplicadas. Resultados. Según la opinión de las familias, las prácticas de crianza durante el periodo de confinamiento se acercan mayoritariamente a lo indicado en el modelo de parentalidad positiva. Los principios de crianza más comunes entre las familias son aquellos relacionados con el amor incondicional, seguido de la promoción de independencia y el establecimiento de normas. Se observaron ligeras diferencias relacionadas con el sexo del progenitor, del niño, la edad de los hijos, de los padres y los niveles educativos alcanzados por los progenitores.   Discusión y conclusiones. Los padres dieron gran importancia al amor incondicional por encima de otros aspectos de la crianza durante el confinamiento, aunque en todos los principios obtuvieron puntuaciones elevadas, lo que podría indicar una percepción positiva sobre sus prácticas parentales durante el confinamiento, cercana a lo recomendado por los expertos. Se sugiere profundizar en el estudio de las prácticas familiares aplicadas en periodos de crisis y estrés como la actual pandemia, con el fin de diseñar estrategias preventivas y de intervención que proporcionen todos los apoyos necesarios y garanticen la salud mental de los niños.

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