Bacterioma de la leche humana y de rumiantesrelación con factores ambientales, bioquímicos e inmunológicos

Abstract

Breast milk is characterized by its complex composition, providing the infant with macronutrients, micronutrients and numerous bioactive compounds, including immune factors, hormones, oligosaccharides, nucleotides and enzymes, which contribute to a correct growth and development. In addition, breast milk has its own microbiota that plays an important role in the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract and in the maturation of the immune system. On the other hand, the composition of breast milk is flexible and adapts according to the changing needs of the infant.Breast milk is the best form of nutrition during the first months of life due to the many benefits it brings to the mother-child couple. However, it can also be a source of pollutants from the environment, diet, toxic habits or the use of cosmetics. In general, these are lipophilic compounds that accumulate in the adipose tissue of women throughout their lives and are mobilized during pregnancy and lactation; consequently, milk may be a route of exposure for infants. However, human milk may contain microorganisms with the capacity to adsorb or metabolize these types of compounds, minimizing their absorption in the infant's gastrointestinal tract...